Augmented Reality-Based Chronic Wound Healing Assessment Using 3D Stereoscopic Imaging and Self-Organizing Maps
Bhuneshwari Dewangan 1*, Mahendra Kumar Sahu 1
Journal of Angiotherapy 8(9) 1-7 https://doi.org/10.25163/angiotherapy.899874
Submitted: 17 July 2024 Revised: 04 September 2024 Published: 06 September 2024
Abstract
Background: Chronic wounds (CW) present significant public health challenges, impacting individuals' well-being and daily activities. Traditional wound measurement methods, such as the ruler technique, are time-consuming, imprecise, and pose infection risks. Advances in wound care technology, including artificial intelligence (AI) and augmented reality (AR), have improved wound healing (WH) assessment accuracy and enhanced clinician-patient communication. Methods: This study developed a novel CW evaluation device combining AR and a stereoscopic camera system. The device captures images using two Leopard Imaging LI-OV580 stereo cameras and a pico-projector to create a 3D wound model. The system calculates the wound area by processing stereoscopic images, utilizing structured-from-motion techniques and convolutional neural networks (CNNs). Additionally, the device measures epipolar and projection errors (PE) during AR-based wound evaluation. A Self-Organizing Map (SOM) was employed to refine the 3D reconstruction of the wound. Results: The AR-PE analysis demonstrated the device's accuracy, with the lowest PE recorded at 20 cm from the wound area. The projection error increased as the measurement distance moved toward the edges of the wound. The average epipolar error (EE) was 0.46 pixels, indicating high precision in stereoscopic measurements. Conclusion: The study introduced a non-invasive CW evaluation device that improves wound assessment accuracy and clinician-patient interaction. By utilizing 3D wound modeling and AR, the system enables more effective communication and progress tracking during WH. The results suggest this technology could enhance CW management, offering a reliable alternative to traditional methods.
Keywords: Chronic wound healing (CWH), 3D stereoscopic imaging, Augmented Reality (AR), Wound segmentation, Self-organizing maps (SOM)
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