Maternal Age, Nutrition, and Pregnancy Count Impact Gestational Hypertension
Rifatolistia Tampubolon 1*, Kristiani Desimina Tauho 1, Maya Miranthi Oematan 1
Journal of Angiotherapy 8(6) 1-8 https://doi.org/10.25163/angiotherapy.869723
Submitted: 08 April 2024 Revised: 03 June 2024 Published: 05 June 2024
Abstract
Background: Maternal mortality in East Nusa Tenggara Province remains a persistent challenge for the Indonesian government, with rates significantly higher than the national average. Despite national reductions in MMR, the province's rates remain troublingly high, with hypertensive disorders of pregnancy being a leading cause. This study investigates the factors associated with gestational hypertension on Timor Island, aiming to improve maternal health outcomes and align with global health targets. Methods: A quantitative field survey was conducted in South Central Timor Regency, East Nusa Tenggara Province, from June to October 2023. The study involved 160 pregnant women randomly selected from medical records across four Community Health Centers. Data were analyzed using univariate and multivariate methods to explore the relationships between maternal age, Mid-Upper Arm Circumference (MUAC), number of pregnancies, and gestational hypertension. Results: The study found that 15.6% of respondents experienced gestational hypertension. Most were aged 20-35 years (71.3%), had normal MUAC (58.1%), and a non-risk number of pregnancies (79.3%). However, no significant correlations were found between gestational hypertension and the independent variables of age, MUAC, and number of pregnancies. Notably, a significant relationship was observed between maternal age and the number of pregnancies. Conclusion: While maternal age, MUAC size, and the number of pregnancies were not direct predictors of gestational hypertension, their interplay suggests areas for further investigation. The findings determined the need for comprehensive maternal nutritional assessments and targeted interventions to manage hypertensive disorders in pregnancy. Improved data collection and primary data utilization are recommended to enhance maternal health outcomes in South Central Timor and contribute to achieving global health targets
Keywords: Gestational hypertension, maternal age, Mid-Upper Arm Circumference (MUAC), number of pregnancies, East Nusa Tenggara
References
Armalla Roslina S, Astika Gita Ningrum. (2024). Relationship between parity and history of hypertension with MEOWS score in early onset severe preeclampsia patients. GSC Adv Res Rev, 18(1), 071–8.
Cavazos-Rehg, P. A., Krauss, M. J., Spitznagel, E. L., Bommarito, K., Madden, T., Olsen, M. A., et al. (2015). Maternal age and risk of labor and delivery complications. Matern Child Health J, 19(6), 1202–11.
Dereje, R., Girma, A., Molla, A., & Simieneh, A. (2022). Mid upper arm circumference as screening tool of overweight or obesity among adult employees of Mizan Tepi University, Southwest Ethiopia. Heliyon, 8(10), e10793.
Dong, L., Teh, D. B. L., Kennedy, B. K., & Huang, Z. (2023). Unraveling female reproductive senescence to enhance healthy longevity. Cell Research, 33(1), 11-29.
Durst, J. K., Tuuli, M. G., Stout, M. J., Macones, G. A., & Cahill, A. G. (2016). Degree of obesity at delivery and risk of preeclampsia with severe features. American journal of obstetrics and gynecology, 214(5), 651-e1.
Heslehurst, N. (2011). Identifying ‘at risk’ women and the impact of maternal obesity on National Health Service maternity services. Proceedings of the Nutrition Society, 70(4), 439-449.
National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE). (2024). Hypertension in pregnancy: diagnosis and management. Hypertension in pregnancy. NICE guideline [NG133]. Retrieved from https://www.nice.org.uk/guidance/ng133
Kemenkes RI. (2020). Profil Kesehatan Indonesia Tahun 2019. Kementerian Kesehatan Republik Indonesia.
Kemenkes RI. (2021). Profil Kesehatan Indonesia Tahun 2020. Kementerian Kesehatan Republik Indonesia.
Kemenkes RI. (2022). Profil Kesehatan Indonesia Tahun 2021. Kementerian Kesehatan Republik Indonesia.
Kondrup, J., Rasmussen, H. H., Hamberg, O. L. E., Stanga, Z., & An ad hoc ESPEN Working Group. (2003). Nutritional risk screening (NRS 2002): A new method based on an analysis of controlled clinical trials. Clinical nutrition, 22(3), 321-336.
Kozuki, N., Lee, A. C., Silveira, M. F., Sania, A., Vogel, J. P., Adair, L., ... & Child Health Epidemiology Reference Group (CHERG) Small-for-Gestational-Age-Preterm Birth Working Group. (2013). The associations of parity and maternal age with small-for-gestational-age, preterm, and neonatal and infant mortality: A meta-analysis. BMC public health, 13, 1-10.
Lopez-Jaramillo, P., Barajas, J., Rueda-Quijano, S. M., Lopez-Lopez, C., & Felix, C. (2018). Obesity and preeclampsia: Common pathophysiological mechanisms. Frontiers in physiology, 9, 1838.
Mustafa, R., Ahmed, S., Gupta, A., & Venuto, R. C. (2012). A comprehensive review of hypertension in pregnancy. Journal of pregnancy.
Nath, A., Sheeba, B., Raj, S., & Metgud, C. S. (2021). Prevalence of hypertension in pregnancy and its associated factors among women attending antenatal clinics in Bengaluru. Journal of Family Medicine and Primary Care, 10(4), 1621-1627.
Owaraganise, A., Migisha, R., Ssalongo, W. G., Tibaijuka, L., Kayondo, M., Twesigomwe, G., & Lugobe, H. M. (2021). Nonproteinuric Preeclampsia among Women with Hypertensive Disorders of Pregnancy at a Referral Hospital in Southwestern Uganda. Obstetrics and Gynecology International, 2021.
Parantika, R. W., Hardianto, G., Miftahussurur, M., & Anis, W. (2021). Relationship Between Obesity, Twin-Pregnancy and Previous History of Preeclampsia With Preeclampsia. Indonesian Midwifery and Health Sciences Journal, 5(3), 307-316.
Poston, L., Caleyachetty, R., Cnattingius, S., Corvalán, C., Uauy, R., Herring, S., & Gillman, M. W. (2016). Preconceptional and maternal obesity: Epidemiology and health consequences. The lancet Diabetes & endocrinology, 4(12), 1025-1036.
Tjitra, E., & Budiarso, R. L. (1991). Kematian Maternal di Nusa Tenggara Timur. Buletin Penelitian Kesehatan, 19(2), 37–45.
Wagata, M., Ishikuro, M., Obara, T., Nagai, M., Mizuno, S., Nakaya, N., ... & Sugawara, J. (2020). Low birth weight and abnormal pre-pregnancy body mass index were at higher risk for hypertensive disorders of pregnancy. Pregnancy Hypertension, 22, 119-125.
View Dimensions
View Altmetric
Save
Citation
View
Share