The Impact of Organic Fertilizers on Growth, Yield, and Rhizospheric Bacterial Diversity in Black Turmeric (Curcuma caesia)
B Jyotirmayee 1, Subhashree Tripathy 1, Himansu Bhusan Samal 2*, Gyanranjan Mahalik 1*
Journal of Angiotherapy 8(5) 1-12 https://doi.org/10.25163/angiotherapy.859651
Submitted: 26 March 2024 Revised: 12 May 2024 Published: 14 May 2024
Abstract
Background: Agricultural applications of organic manures are critical for enhancing soil health and producing higher-quality black turmeric, a plant used in various traditional medicines. Identifying and analyzing the biochemical activities of rhizospheric bacteria in different soil conditions can provide insights into sustainable agricultural practices. Method: A field study was conducted over three to four months by planting black turmeric rhizome samples in two different soil conditions: organic and conventional. Morphological features were extensively documented. UV-Vis spectroscopy was performed on organic rhizome methanolic extracts, while both organic and conventional aqueous extracts underwent XRF analysis. Antibacterial activity against eight pathogenic bacteria was tested using methanolic and aqueous rhizome extracts. Rhizobacteria were isolated from organic soil using a serial dilution procedure and identified through pure culture techniques. Various biochemical activities, including catalase production, starch hydrolysis, antibiotic sensitivity, pH tolerance, temperature tolerance, and gram staining, were performed to characterize the bacterial species. Results: The study showed distinct inhibitory zones for pathogenic bacteria in both methanol and aqueous extracts. UV-Vis spectroscopy identified a peak in the 200-250 nm range. XRF analysis revealed the presence of various elements in both soil and leaves, with differing concentrations. Gram-positive bacteria were identified, and these bacteria exhibited catalase activity, starch hydrolysis, and significant antibiotic sensitivity. Soil bacteria demonstrated pH tolerance and resistance to high temperatures. Rhizomes grown in organic soil exhibited better growth and development compared to those in conventional soil. Conclusion: Organic fertilizers positively influence the growth and quality of black turmeric. The role of soil bacteria in sustainable agriculture offers promising new techniques for managing plant diseases and enhancing soil health.
Keywords: Organic farming, Black turmeric, Rhizosphere bacteria, Organic fertilizers, Medicinal plants
References
Abdel Latef, A. A. H., Zaid, A., Abu Alhmad, M. F., & Abdelfattah, K. E. (2020). The impact of priming with Al2O3 nanoparticles on growth, pigments, osmolytes, and antioxidant enzymes of Egyptian Roselle (Hibiscus sabdariffa L.) cultivar. Agronomy, 10(5), 681.
Abubakar, A. R., & Haque, M. (2020). Preparation of medicinal plants: Basic extraction and fractionation procedures for experimental purposes. Journal of pharmacy & bioallied sciences, 12(1), 1.
Adrianta, K. A., & Wardani, I. K. (2022). Antioxidant Activity of Ethanol and Methanol Extracts of Black Turmeric (Curcuma caesia Roxb.) using The DPPH (2, 2-Diphenyl-1-Picrylhidrazyl) Method. Science Midwifery, 10(5), 4342-4349.
Alsaeedi, A., El-Ramady, H., Alshaal, T. A., & Almohsen, M. (2017). Enhancing seed germination and seedlings development of common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) by SiO2 nanoparticles. Egyptian Journal of Soil Science, 57(4), 407-415.
Andy, A. K., Masih, S. A., & Gour, V. S. (2020). Isolation, screening and characterization of plant growth promoting rhizobacteria from rhizospheric soils of selected pulses. Biocatalysis and Agricultural Biotechnology, 27, 101685.
Arya, O. P., Adhikari, P., Pandey, A., Bhatt, I. D., & Mohanty, K. (2022). Health-promoting bioactive phenolic compounds in different solvent extracts of Curcuma caesia Roxb. rhizome from North-East India. Journal of Food Processing and Preservation, 46(8), e16805.
Behboudi, F., Tahmasebi Sarvestani, Z., Kassaee, M. Z., Modares Sanavi, S. A. M., & Sorooshzadeh, A. (2018). Improving growth and yield of wheat under drought stress via application of SiO2 nanoparticles. Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology, 20(7), 1479-1492.
Behera, S., Jyotirmayee, B., Mandal, U., Mishra, A., Mohanty, P., & Mahalik, G (2022). Effect of Organic Fertilizer on Growth, Yield and Quality of Pisum sativum L.: A Review. Eco. Env. & Cons, 28, S233-S241.
Bondre, S. V., Nagre, P. K., Kale, V. S., Gupta, N. S., & Wagh, A. P. (2019). Chemical properties and microbial population of soil as influenced by different organic nutrient sources in turmeric. Journal of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry, 8(5), 2150-2153.
Chitra, R., Janaki, D., & Jansirani, P. (2020). Influence of bio-stimulants on growth and rhizome yield of black turmeric (Curcuma caesia). IJCS, 8(4), 2304-2307.
Das, N., Rath, B. S., & Chhatria, S. (2022). Spatial and Temporal Variation of Rainfall and Temperature in Sambalpur District of Odisha. International Journal of Environment and Climate Change, 2905-2916.
Das, S., Chatterjee, A., & Pal, T. K. (2020). Organic farming in India: a vision towards a healthy nation. Food Quality and Safety, 4(2), 69-76.
Deka, T., & Swami, S. (2022). Development of organic nutrient management package for black turmeric (Curcuma caesia Roxb.) for higher yield in acidic soil. The Pharma Innovation Journal, 11(7), 2507-2510.
Gaikwad, S., Gadiya, S., & Tungar, S. (2023). Phytochemical Analysis of Black Turmeric Curcuma Caesia Roxb. Journal of Medicinal Plants, 11(1), 41-43.
Haida, Z., Sinniah, U. R., Nakasha, J. J., & Hakiman, M (2022). Shoot induction, multiplication, rooting and acclimatization of black turmeric (Curcuma caesia Roxb.): An important and endangered Curcuma species. Horticulturae, 8(8),740.
Haida, Z., Nakasha, J. J., Sinniah, U. R., & Hakiman, M. (2022). Ethnomedicinal uses, phytochemistry, pharmacological properties and toxicology of Curcuma caesia Roxb.: a review. Advances in Traditional Medicine, 1-17.
Handayani, R., Kurnia, F., & Priyansah, S. (2022). Empowerment of women farming group of Ketapang village through black turmeric agropreneur. Community Empowerment, 7(5), 823-829.
https://www.latlong.net/place/bhubaneswar-odisha-india-24736.
https://www.latlong.net/place/sambalpur-odisha-india-13879.html
Jagtap, R. R., Mali, G. V., Waghmare, S. R., Nadaf, N. H., Nimbalkar, M. S., & Sonawane, K. D. (2023). Impact of plant growth promoting rhizobacteria Serratia nematodiphila RGK and Pseudomonas plecoglossicida RGK on secondary metabolites of turmeric rhizome. Biocatalysis and Agricultural Biotechnology, 47, 102622.
Jain, A., Jain, P., & Parihar, D. K. (2019). Comparative study of in-vitro antidiabetic and antibacterial activity of non-conventional Curcuma species. Journal of Biologically Active Products from Nature, 9(6), 457-464.
Johnson, R., Vishwakarma, K., Hossen, M. S., Kumar, V., Shackira, A. M., Puthur, J. T., Abdi, G., Sarraf, M., & Hasanuzzaman, M. (2022). Potassium in plants: Growth regulation, signaling, and environmental stress tolerance. Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, 172, 56-69.
Juariah, S., Bakar, F. I., Bakar, M. F., & Endrini, S. (2023). Antibacterial potential of Curcuma caesia Roxb ethanol extract against nosocomial infections. Bali Medical Journal, 12(2), 1959-63.
Juariah, S., Bakar, F. I., Bakar, M. F., Endrini, S., Kartini, S., Mohamad, A., & Hanafi, A. F. (2023). Antibacterial Activity of Red Ginger (Zingiber officinale var. rubrum) and Black Turmeric (Curcuma caesia) Extracts as Growth Inhibitors of Klebsiella pneumonia. Tropical Journal of Natural Product Research, 7(8).
Jyotirmayee, B., Mahapatra, S., & Mahalik, G. (2021). Comparative Analysis of Rhizospheric Bacteria Associated with Four Medicinal Plants. Asian Journal of Biological and Life Sciences, 10(2), 353.
Khuntia, S., Sahoo, B. C., Lenka, J., Kar, B., & Sahoo, S. (2023). In-silico prediction and in vitro validation of antioxidant, antibacterial and antifungal potential of Black Turmeric (Curcuma caesia Roxb.) essential oils and its constituents. Industrial Crops and Products, 203, 117185.
Liang, R., Hou, R., Li, J., Lyu, Y., Hang, S., Gong, H., & Ouyang, Z. (2020). Effects of different fertilizers on rhizosphere bacterial communities of winter wheat in the North China Plain. Agronomy, 10(1), 93.
Mahalik, G. , Sahoo, S., & Satapathy, K. B. (2017). Evaluation of phytochemical constituents and antimicrobial properties of Mangifera indica L. Leaves against urinary tract infection-causing pathogens. Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical and Clinical Research, 10(9), 169.
Mahato, D., & Sharma, H. P. (2018) Kali Haldi, an ethnomedicinal plant of Jharkhand state-A review. Indian Journal of Traditional Knowledge. 17 (2), pp 322-326.
Maity, D., Gupta, U., & Saha, S. (2022). Biosynthesized metal oxide nanoparticles for sustainable agriculture: next-generation nanotechnology for crop production, protection and management. Nanoscale, 14(38), 13950-13989.
Mallick, S. K., Jyotirmayee, B., & Mahalik, G. (2021). Use of organic fertilizer and the potential influence on Brassica rapa L. and soil nutrient composition. Bulletin of Environment, Pharmacology and Life Sciences, 10(9), 29-35.
Mohanty, R., Jali, P., Jyotirmayee, B., & Mahalik, G. (2021). Allelopathic effects of aqueous extract of Ageratum conyzoides L. on seed germination and seedling growth of Vigna radiata (L.) Wilczek (mung bean) Reshma. In Proc. National E-Conference on Advances in Business Management & Technology (pp. 87-95).
Mohapatra, S., Samantaray, D. P., & Samantaray, S. M. (2015). Study on polyhydroxyalkanoates production using rhizospheric soil bacterial isolates of sweet potato. Indian Journal of Science and Technology, 8(S7), 57-62.
Murti, Y. B., Hartini, Y. S., Hinrichs, W. L., Frijlink, H. W., & Setyaningsih, D. (2019). UV-Vis spectroscopy to enable determination of the dissolution behavior of solid dispersions containing curcumin and piperine. Journal of Young Pharmacists, 11(1), 26.
Narendhiran, V., Madhavan, S., Anuja, S., & Thiruppathi, M. (2023). Evaluation of Black Turmeric (Curcuma caesia) Genotypes for Growth, Yield and Quality. Rivista Italiana di Filosofia Analitica Junior, 14(2), 531-5.
Nath, S., Paul, P., Roy, R., Bhattacharjee, S., & Deb, B. (2019). Isolation and identification of metal-tolerant and antibiotic-resistant bacteria from soil samples of Cachar district of Assam, India. SN Applied Sciences, 1, 1-9.
Nimisha, P., Moksha, S., & Gangawane, A. K. (2019). Amylase activity of starch degrading bacteria isolated from soil. International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Sciences, 8(4), 659-671.
Niteeshkumar, S. K., Venugopala Reddy, M., & Tamil Vendan, K. (2022). Chemical analysis and antibacterial activity of Black turmeric (Curcuma caesia Roxb.) genotypes. The Pharma Innovation Journal, 11(6): 216-220.
Pandey, G. K., & Mahiwal, S. (2020). Role of potassium in plants (Vol. 49). Cham, Switzerland: Springer.
Paul, G. K., Mahmud, S., Naher, K., Jabin, T., Mahmud, M. L., Haque, M. N., Uddin, M. S., Zaman, S., & Saleh, M. A. (2020). Isolation and characterization of bacteria from two soil samples and their effect on wheat (Triticum aestivum l.) growth promotion. J. Adv. Biotechnol. Exp. Ther., 3(3), 254-62.
Rahman, M. A., Ahmad, T., Mahmud, S., Barman, N., Haque, M., Uddin, M., & Ahmed, R. (2019). Isolation, identification and antibiotic sensitivity pattern of Salmonella spp. from locally isolated egg samples. Am J Pure Appl Sci, 1(1), 1-11.
Ren, Y., Xun, W., Yan, H., Ma, A., Xiong, W., Shen, Q., & Zhang, R. (2020). Functional compensation dominates the assembly of plant rhizospheric bacterial community. Soil Biology and Biochemistry, 150, 107968.
Sahu, V., Tantwai, K., Mishra, N., Tiwari, P. N., Sapre, S., Tiwari, G., & Tiwari, S. (2022). Morphological characterization of Curcuma caesia germplasm collected from different regions of Madhya Pradesh. The Pharma Innovation Journal, SP-11(7), 4080-4084.
Sanodiya, L. K., Kumawat, P., Kumar, S., & Kumar, M. (2022). Nutritional Value and Benefit of Different Recent Trending Black Crops for Human Being in the World. Just agriculture, 3(1).
Shah, D., Khan, M. S., Aziz, S., Ali, H., & Pecoraro, L. (2021). Molecular and biochemical characterization, antimicrobial activity, stress tolerance, and plant growth-promoting effect of endophytic bacteria isolated from wheat varieties. Microorganisms, 10(1), 21.
Shaheen, K., Ningthoujam, D. S., Mukherjee, S., Thokchom, S. (2022). Isolation and bioactivity screening of Streptomyces spp. associated with Curcuma caesia (Yaimu) from Manipur, India. Flora and Fauna, 28(2), PP 177-190.
Shahinozzaman, M., Ferdous, M., Faruq, M., Azad, M., & Amin, M. (2013) Micropropagation of black Turmeric (Curcuma caesia Roxb.) through in vitro culture of rhizome bud explants. Journal of Central European Agriculture. 14(3).
Shamrao, B. S., Jessykutty, P. C., Duggi, S., Magadum, S., Handral, H. K., & Shruthi, S. D. (2013). Studies on growth, yield and economic parameters of kasthuri turmeric (Curcuma aromatic Salisb.) under organic manuring practices. Int. J. Res. Tech, 2(5), 2278-63.
Sharma, N., Khajuria, Y., Sharma, J., Gondal, M. A., Kumar, V., Dwivedi, Y., & Singh, V. K. (2018, August). Spectroscopic analysis of rhizomes of black turmeric (Curcuma caesia). In AIP Conference Proceedings (Vol. 2006, No. 1, p. 030036). AIP Publishing LLC.
Shwe, H. H., & Khin, T. O (2019). Determination Of Antimicrobial Activities, Antioxidant Activities and Isolation of Pure Organic Compounds from Curcuma caesia Roxb. (Sa-Nwin-Tain-Pyar). 2nd 34 Myanmar Korea Conference Research Journal.
Sigmon, J. (2008). The starch hydrolysis test. American Society for Microbiology (ASM).
Singh, S., Sahoo, B.C., Ray, A., Jena, S., Dash, M., Nayak, S., Kar, B. and Sahoo, S. (2021). Intraspecific chemical variability of essential oil of Curcuma caesia (Black Turmeric). Arabian Journal for Science and Engineering, 46, pp.191-198.
Swain, N., Mishra, A., Saren, S., Dash, P. K., Digal, M., & Mishra, B. B. (2019). Soil Fertility Status of Some Villages in Khordha and Bhubaneswar Block of Khordha District under North Eastern Ghat Agro Climatic Zone of Odisha, India. Ijcmas, 8(01), 2019.
Tripathi, N., & Sapra, A. (2022). Gram Staining. In: StatPearls. StatPearls Publishing, Treasure Island (FL), PMID: 32965827.
Venugopal, A. R. Y. A., Rinu, K. A., & Joseph, D. H. A. N. I. S. H. (2017). Medicinal properties of black Turmeric: A review. Inn original International Journal of Science, 4(3).
Vidya, S. P., Maruthi Prasad, B. N., Jayappa, J., Shankarappa, T. H., Venkatesha, J., & Fakrudin, B. (2023). Influence of PGPM and INM on essential oil content and its constituents of black turmeric (Curcuma caesia Roxb.). The Pharma Innovation Journal,12(3), 2715-2719
Wan, W., Tan, J., Wang, Y., Qin, Y., He, H., Wu, H., Zuo, W. and He, D. (2020). Responses of the rhizosphere bacterial community in acidic crop soil to pH: Changes in diversity, composition, interaction, and function. Science of the Total Environment, 700, p.134418.
Xun, W., Shao, J., Shen, Q., & Zhang, R. (2021). Rhizosphere microbiome: Functional compensatory assembly for plant fitness. Computational and Structural Biotechnology Journal, 19, 5487-5493.
Yadav, M., & Kaliyaperumal, S. (2021). Antimicrobial activity of rhizome extracts of Curcuma caesia, Curcuma amada and Curcuma angustifolia. Journal of Advanced Scientific Research, 12(01 Suppl 2), 296-298.
View Dimensions
View Altmetric
Save
Citation
View
Share