Differential Expression of Annexin A1 Protein in Colorectal, Lung, and Liver Cancer Tissues

Hind Younis Khalaf ¹, Nagam Khudhair ^2*, Baydaa Abdul Sattar Atiyha ³

ANXA1's differential expression in colorectal, lung, and liver cancers could aid precise diagnosis and prognostication, guiding treatment decisions.

Abstract

Background: Annexin A1 (ANXA1) is a phospholipid-binding protein involved in mediating the anti-inflammatory effects of glucocorticoids. Its role in inflammation regulation and its association with various diseases, including cancer, have been extensively studied. ANXA1 is expressed in multiple tissues and plays a crucial role in cell growth, differentiation, and apoptosis regulation. Dysregulation of ANXA1 expression has been observed in several cancer types, highlighting its potential as a diagnostic and prognostic marker. Methods: This study aimed to evaluate the expression of ANXA1 in colorectal, lung, and liver cancer tissues using immunohistochemical analysis. Tissue samples were obtained from 29 newly diagnosed cancer patients undergoing tumor removal. Immunohistochemical staining was performed using ANXA1 antibody, and the staining protocol followed established procedures. Results and Discussion: Immunohistochemical analysis revealed a significant overexpression of ANXA1 in colorectal, lung, and liver cancer tissues compared to standard diagnostic markers. In colorectal cancer, ANXA1 showed higher efficiency in diagnosis than CK20, while in lung cancer, it exhibited higher expression compared to CK7. Previous studies have also linked elevated ANXA1 expression with tumor aggressiveness and poor prognosis in various cancers, including lung and liver cancer. These findings suggest the potential of ANXA1 as a diagnostic marker and prognostic indicator in cancer. Conclusion: ANXA1 antibody staining can serve as a valuable tool for immunohistological diagnosis, indicating tumor spread. Furthermore, the differential expression of ANXA1 across different cancer types underscores its potential utility in cancer diagnosis and prognosis. The observed higher expression of ANXA1 in lung cancer tissues compared to liver and colon cancer tissues highlights its significance in specific cancer types.

Keywords: Annexin A1, cancer, Immunohistochemistry, Tumor markers, Diagnostic tool

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