Integrative Biomedical Research

Ahmad, T., Mukherjee, S., Pattnaik, B., Kumar, M., Singh, S., Kumar, M., Rehman, R., Tiwari, B. K., Jha, K. A., Barhanpurkar, A. P., Wani, M. R., Roy, S., & Dixit, A. (2014). Miro1 regulates intercellular mitochondrial transport & enhances mesenchymal stem cell rescue efficacy. The EMBO Journal, 33(9), 994–1010. https://doi.org/10.1002/embj.201386030          

Al Amir Dache, Z., Otandault, A., Tanos, R., Pastor, B., Meddeb, R., Sanchez, C., Arena, G., Lasorsa, L., Bennett, A., Grange, T., El Messaoudi, S., Mazard, T., Prevostel, C., & Thierry, A. R. (2020). Blood contains circulating cell-free respiratory competent mitochondria. FASEB Journal, 34(3), 3616–3630. https://doi.org/10.1096/fj.201901917RR  

Anand, R., Wai, T., Baker, M. J., Kladt, N., Schauss, A. C., Rugarli, E., & Langer, T. (2014). The i-AAA protease YME1L and OMA1 cleave OPA1 to balance mitochondrial fusion and fission. The Journal of Cell Biology, 204(6), 919–929. https://doi.org/10.1083/jcb.201308006             

Bao, Y., Hu, C., Wang, B., Liu, X., Wu, Q., Xu, D., Shi, Z., & Sun, C. (2025). Mitochondrial reverse electron transport: Mechanisms, pathophysiological roles, and therapeutic potential. Biology, 14(9), 1140. https://doi.org/10.3390/biology14091140    

Blitzer, D., Guariento, A., Doulamis, I. P., Shin, B., Moskowitzova, K., Barbieri, G. R., Orfany, A., del Nido, P. J., & McCully, J. D. (2020). Delayed transplantation of autologous mitochondria for cardioprotection in a porcine model. The Annals of Thoracic Surgery, 109(3), 711–719. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.athoracsur.2019.08.007           

Borcherding, N., & Brestoff, J. R. (2023). The power and potential of mitochondria transfer. Nature, 623(7986), 283–291. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-023-06537-z  

Borcherding, N., Jia, W., Giwa, R., Field, L. R., Moley, J. R., Kopecky, B. J., Chan, M., Yoshida, A. J., Nyachieo, K., Zeng, X., Zeng, H., Bagchi, S., Wu, D., & Brestoff, J. R. (2022). Dietary lipids inhibit mitochondria transfer to macrophages to divert adipocyte-derived mitochondria into the blood. Cell Metabolism, 34(10), 1499–1513.e8. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cmet.2022.08.002         

Bukoreshtliev, N. V., Wang, X., Hodneland, E., Gurke, S., Barroso, J. F., & Gerdes, H.-H. (2009). Selective block of tunneling nanotube (TNT) formation inhibits intercellular organelle transfer between PC12 cells. FEBS Letters, 583(9), 1481–1488. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.febslet.2009.03.065  

Cabrera, F., Ortega, M., Velarde, F., Parra, E., Gallardo, S., Cabezas, J., Aleman, J., Trujillo, D., Chavez, C., Rojas, D., & Caicedo, A. (2019). Primary allogeneic mitochondrial mix (PAMM) transfer/transplant by MitoCeption to address damage in PBMCs caused by ultraviolet radiation. BMC Biotechnology, 19(1), 42. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12896-019-0534-1  

Caicedo, A., Aponte, P. M., Cabrera, F., Hidalgo, C., & Khoury, M. (2017). Artificial mitochondria transfer: Current challenges, advances, and future applications. Stem Cells International, 2017, Article 7610414. https://doi.org/10.1155/2017/7610414       

Caicedo, A., Fritz, V., Brondello, J.-M., Ayala, M., Dennemont, I., Abdellaoui, N., de Fraipont, F., Moisan, A., Prouteau, C. A., Boukhaddaoui, H., & Jorgensen, C. (2015). MitoCeption as a new tool to assess the effects of mesenchymal stem/stromal cell mitochondria on cancer cell metabolism and function. Scientific Reports, 5, Article 9073. https://doi.org/10.1038/srep09073       

Chang, J.-C., Wu, S.-L., Liu, K.-H., Chen, Y.-H., Chuang, C.-S., Cheng, F.-C., Su, H.-L., Wei, Y.-H., Kuo, S.-J., & Liu, C.-S. (2016). Allogeneic/xenogeneic transplantation of peptide-labeled mitochondria in Parkinson's disease: Restoration of mitochondria functions and attenuation of 6-hydroxydopamine-induced neurotoxicity. Translational Research, 170, 40–56.e13. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.trsl.2016.01.005        

Chen, H., Chen, X., Zhou, Z., Zheng, J., Lu, Y., Lin, P., & Zhao, X. (2025). Mesenchymal stromal cell-mediated mitochondrial transfer unveils new frontiers in disease therapy. Stem Cell Research & Therapy, 16, Article 546. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13287-025-04675-x        

Chen, J., Xie, Z., Zhou, H., Ou, Y., Tan, W., Zhang, A., & Fan, X. (2025). Mitochondria transfer in mesenchymal stem cells: Unraveling the mechanism and therapeutic potential. Current Stem Cell Research & Therapy, 20(11), 1153–1173. https://doi.org/10.2174/1573396320666240214115421              

Chen, R., & Chen, J. (2024). Mitochondrial transfer – a novel promising approach for the treatment of metabolic diseases. Frontiers in Endocrinology, 14, Article 1346441. https://doi.org/10.3389/fendo.2023.1346441            

Clemente-Suárez, V. J., Martín-Rodríguez, A., Yáñez-Sepúlveda, R., & Tornero-Aguilera, J. F. (2023). Mitochondrial transfer as a novel therapeutic approach in disease diagnosis and treatment. International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 24(10), 8848. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms24108848              

Cowan, D. B., Yao, R., Akurathi, V., Dinardo, J. A., Melo, E., Zurakowski, D., Del Nido, P. J., & McCully, J. D. (2017). Transit and integration of extracellular mitochondria in human heart cells. Scientific Reports, 7, Article 17450. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-017-17813-0  

Crewe, C., Funcke, J.-B., Li, S., Joffin, N., Gliniak, C. M., Ghaben, A. L., An, Y. A., Vishvanath, L., Nelson, A. T., Deng, Y., Zhu, Q., Fan, K. H., Gordillo, R., & Scherer, P. E. (2021). Extracellular vesicle-based interorgan transport of mitochondria from energetically stressed adipocytes. Cell Metabolism, 33(9), 1853–1868.e11. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cmet.2021.08.002        

Dave, K. M., Stolz, D. B., Venna, V. R., Quaicoe, V. A., Maniskas, M. E., Reynolds, M. J., Rizvi, F. F., Kofler, J., Reddy, R. C., Chun, M., Kagan, V. E., & Manickam, D. S. (2023). Mitochondria-containing extracellular vesicles (EV) reduce mouse brain infarct sizes and EV/HSP27 protect ischemic brain endothelial cultures. Journal of Controlled Release, 354, 368–393. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jconrel.2023.01.003  

Davis, C. H. O., Kim, K. Y., Bushong, E. A., Mills, E. A., Boassa, D., Shih, T., Kinebuchi, M., Phan, S., Zhou, Y., Bihlmeyer, N. A., Nguyen, J. V., Jin, Y., Ellisman, M. H., & Marsh-Armstrong, N. (2014). Transcellular degradation of axonal mitochondria. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 111(26), 9633–9638. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1401140111          

Doulamis, I. P., Guariento, A., Duignan, T., Orfany, A., Kido, T., Zurakowski, D., Del Nido, P. J., & McCully, J. D. (2020). Mitochondrial transplantation for myocardial protection in diabetic hearts. European Journal of Cardio-Thoracic Surgery, 57(5), 836–845. https://doi.org/10.1093/ejcts/ezz326 

D'Souza, A., Burch, A., Dave, K. M., Sreeram, A., Reynolds, M. J., Dobbins, D. X., Kamte, Y. S., Zhao, W., Sabatelle, C., Joy, G. M., Soman, V., Chandra, P. K., Cheng, M. H., Bahar, I., & Manickam, D. S. (2021). Microvesicles transfer mitochondria and increase mitochondrial function in brain endothelial cells. Journal of Controlled Release, 338, 505–526. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jconrel.2021.08.038  

Guan, F., Wu, X., Zhou, J., Lin, Y., He, Y., Fan, C., Zeng, Z., & Xiong, W. (2024). Mitochondrial transfer in tunneling nanotubes—a new target for cancer therapy. Journal of Experimental & Clinical Cancer Research, 43, Article 147. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13046-024-03069-w 

Guariento, A., Blitzer, D., Doulamis, I. P., Shin, B., Moskowitzova, K., Barbieri, G. R., Orfany, A., del Nido, P. J., & McCully, J. D. (2018). Preischemic autologous mitochondrial transplantation by intracoronary injection for myocardial protection. The Journal of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, 156(6), 1160–1168. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jtcvs.2018.06.010              

Han, H., Hu, J., Yan, Q., Zhu, J., Zhu, Z., & Chen, Y. (2020). Mesenchymal stem/stromal cell-mediated mitochondrial transfer and the therapeutic potential in treatment of neurological diseases. Stem Cells International, 2020, Article 8838046. https://doi.org/10.1155/2020/8838046             

Hayakawa, K., Esposito, E., Wang, X., Terasaki, Y., Liu, Y., Xing, C., Ji, X., & Lo, E. H. (2016). Transfer of mitochondria from astrocytes to neurons after stroke. Nature, 535(7613), 551–555. https://doi.org/10.1038/nature18928

Huang, P. J., Kuo, C. C., Lee, H. C., Shen, C. I., Cheng, F. C., Wu, S. F., Chang, C. H., Pan, H. C., Lin, S. Z., Liu, C. S., & Su, H. L. (2016). Transferring xenogenic mitochondria provides neural protection against ischemic stress in ischemic rat brains. Cell Transplantation, 25(5), 913–927. https://doi.org/10.3727/096368915X689785      

Iorio, R., Petricca, S., Mattei, V., & Delle Monache, S. (2024). Horizontal mitochondrial transfer as a novel bioenergetic tool for mesenchymal stromal/stem cells: Molecular mechanisms and therapeutic potential in a variety of diseases. Journal of Translational Medicine, 22, Article 491. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12967-024-05047-4           

Islam, M. N., Das, S. R., Emin, M. T., Wei, M., Sun, L., Westphalen, K., Rowlands, D. J., Quadri, S. K., Bhattacharya, S., & Bhattacharya, J. (2012). Mitochondrial transfer from bone-marrow–derived stromal cells to pulmonary alveoli protects against acute lung injury. Nature Medicine, 18(5), 759–765. https://doi.org/10.1038/nm.2736

Jiang, D., Gao, F., Zhang, Y., Wong, D. S. H., Li, Q., Tse, H.-F., Xu, G., Yu, Z., & Lian, Q. (2016). Mitochondrial transfer of mesenchymal stem cells effectively protects corneal epithelial cells from mitochondrial damage and promotes corneal wound healing. Cell Death & Disease, 7(11), e2467. https://doi.org/10.1038/cddis.2016.358     

Jiao, H., Jiang, D., Hu, X., Du, W., Ji, L., Yang, Y., Li, X., Sho, T., Wang, X., Li, Y., Wu, Y., Wei, Y., Wang, X., & Yu, L. (2021). Mitocytosis, a migrasome-mediated mitochondrial quality-control process. Cell, 184(11), 2896–2910.e13. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cell.2021.04.027        

Jin, N., Zhang, M., Zhou, L., Jin, S., Cheng, H., Li, X., & Zhang, Y. (2024). Mitochondria transplantation alleviates cardiomyocytes apoptosis through inhibiting AMPK-mTOR mediated excessive autophagy. The FASEB Journal, 38(10), e23655. https://doi.org/10.1096/fj.202401077R              

Kaza, A. K., Wamala, I., Friehs, I., Kuebler, J. D., Rathod, R. H., Berra, I., Ericsson, M., Yao, R., Thedsanamoorthy, J. K., Zurakowski, D., Levitsky, S., del Nido, P. J., Cowan, D. B., & McCully, J. D. (2017). Myocardial rescue with autologous mitochondrial transplantation in a porcine model of ischemia/reperfusion. The Journal of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, 153(4), 934–943. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jtcvs.2016.10.024             

Khan, M. M., Paez, H. G., Pitzer, C. R., & Alway, S. E. (2023). The therapeutic potential of mitochondria transplantation therapy in neurodegenerative and neurovascular disorders. Current Neuropharmacology, 21(5), 1100–1116. https://doi.org/10.2174/1567205020666230316110015              

Kim, M. J., Hwang, J. W., Yun, C.-K., Lee, Y., & Choi, Y.-S. (2018). Delivery of exogenous mitochondria via centrifugation enhances cellular metabolic function. Scientific Reports, 8(1), Article 3330. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-018-21539-y             

Konari, N., Nagaishi, K., Kikuchi, S., & Fujimiya, M. (2019). Mitochondria transfer from mesenchymal stem cells structurally and functionally repairs renal proximal tubular epithelial cells in diabetic nephropathy in vivo. Scientific Reports, 9(1), Article 5184. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-019-41524-7  

Kubat, G. B., Picone, P., Tuncay, E., Aryan, L., Girgenti, A., Palumbo, L., Akat, F., Turkel, I., Singh, K. K., & Nuzzo, D. (2025). Biotechnological approaches and therapeutic potential of mitochondria transfer and transplantation. Nature Communications, 16, Article 2839. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-025-61239-6    

Levoux, J., Prola, A., Lafuste, P., Gervais, M., Chevallier, N., Koumaiha, Z., Kefi, K., Braud, L., Schmitt, A., Yacia, A., Schirmann, A., Hivelin, M., Dussiot, M., Cambot, M., Auffret, M., & Vignais, M. L. (2021). Platelets facilitate the wound-healing capability of mesenchymal stem cells by mitochondrial transfer and metabolic reprogramming. Cell Metabolism, 33(2), 283–299.e9. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cmet.2020.12.006      

Li, X., Li, Y., Zhang, Z., Bian, Q., Gao, Z., & Zhang, S. (2021). Mild hypothermia facilitates mitochondrial transfer from astrocytes to injured neurons during oxygen-glucose deprivation/reoxygenation. Neuroscience Letters, 756, Article 135940. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neulet.2021.135940  

Liang, W., Sagar, S., Ravindran, R., Najor, R. H., Quiles, J. M., Chi, L., & Gustafsson, Å. B. (2023). Mitochondria are secreted in extracellular vesicles when lysosomal function is impaired. Nature Communications, 14(1), Article 5031. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-023-40680-5  

Lin, R. Z., Im, G. B., Luo, A. C., Zhu, Y., Hong, X., Neumeyer, J., Tang, H. W., Perrimon, N., & Melero-Martin, J. M. (2024). Mitochondrial transfer mediates endothelial cell engraftment through mitophagy. Nature, 629, 660–668. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-024-07340-0

Liu, D., Gao, Y., Liu, J., Huang, Y., Yin, J., Feng, Y., Shi, L., Meloni, B. P., Zhang, C., Zheng, M., & Gao, J. (2021). Intercellular mitochondrial transfer as a means of tissue revitalization. Signal Transduction and Targeted Therapy, 6(1), Article 65. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41392-020-00440-z  

Liu, H., & Mao, H. (2024). Intercellular mitochondrial transfer: The novel therapeutic mechanism for diseases. Traffic, 25(9), e12951. https://doi.org/10.1111/tra.12951       

Liu, Y., Dissanayaka, W. L., & Yiu, C. (2025). Therapeutic implications of mitochondrial transfer on stem cell fate in regenerative medicine. Journal of Translational Medicine, 23, Article 568. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12967-025-06472-9      

Luo, H., Li, X., Zhang, W., Chen, Y., Wang, S., Liu, F., Zhao, Y., & Zhang, B. (2024). Mitochondrial transplantation: A promising strategy for treating degenerative joint diseases. Journal of Translational Medicine, 22, Article 941. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12967-024-05979-x  

Maeda, H., Kami, D., Maeda, R., Murata, Y., Jo, J.-I., Kitani, T., & Yamamoto, M. (2020). TAT-dextran-mediated mitochondrial transfer enhances recovery from models of reperfusion injury in cultured cardiomyocytes. Journal of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, 24(9), 5007–5020. https://doi.org/10.1111/jcmm.15118             

Masuzawa, A., Black, K. M., Pacak, C. A., Ericsson, M., Barnett, R. J., Drumm, C., Seth, P., Bloch, D. B., Levitsky, S., Cowan, D. B., & McCully, J. D. (2013). Transplantation of autologously derived mitochondria protects the heart from ischemia-reperfusion injury. American Journal of Physiology-Heart and Circulatory Physiology, 304(7), H966–H982. https://doi.org/10.1152/ajpheart.00805.2012   

McCully, J. D., Levitsky, S., del Nido, P. J., & Cowan, D. B. (2016). Mitochondrial transplantation for therapeutic use. Clinical and Translational Medicine, 5, Article 16. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40169-016-0095-4  

Meng, S., Bai, M., Ma, C., Han, B., Duan, M., Zhang, L., Guo, J., Shi, C., Li, K., & He, M. (2025). Mitochondrial transfer as a novel therapeutic approach in ischemic stroke treatment: Current challenges and future perspectives. Neuroprotection, 3, 253–265. https://doi.org/10.1002/nep3.70004   

Miao, C., Jiang, P., Wang, Z., Kong, W., & Feng, L. (2025). Mitochondrial transplantation: A novel therapeutic strategy. MedComm, 6(1), e70253. https://doi.org/10.1002/mco2.70253         

Mohammadalipour, A., Dumbali, S. P., & Wenzel, P. L. (2020). Mitochondrial transfer and regulators of mesenchymal stromal cell function and therapeutic efficacy. Frontiers in Cell and Developmental Biology, 8, Article 603292. https://doi.org/10.3389/fcell.2020.603292       

Mori, D., Miyagawa, S., Kawamura, T., Yoshioka, D., Hata, H., Ueno, T., Toda, K., Kuratani, T., & Sawa, Y. (2023). Mitochondrial transfer induced by adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cell transplantation improves cardiac function in rat models of ischemic cardiomyopathy. Cell Transplantation, 32, 9636897221148456. https://doi.org/10.1177/09636897221148456              

Nicolas-Avila, J. A., Lechuga-Vieco, A. V., Esteban-Martinez, L., Sanchez-Diaz, M., Diaz-Garcia, E., Santiago, D. J., Rubio-Ponce, A., Li, J. L., Balachander, A., Quintana, J. A., Martinez-de-Mena, R., Castejon-Vega, B., Pun-Garcia, A., Traves, P. G., Bonzon-Kulichenko, E., Garcia-Marques, F., Cusso, L., Núñez, V., Gonzalez-Guerra, A., … Hidalgo, A. (2020). A network of macrophages supports mitochondrial homeostasis in the heart. Cell, 183(1), 94–109.e23. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cell.2020.08.031  

Nitzan, K., Benhamron, S., Valitsky, M., Kesner, E. E., Lichtenstein, M., Ben-Zvi, A., Ella, E., Segalstein, Y., Nathan, A., Hoffman, S., & Nitzan, R. (2019). Mitochondrial transfer ameliorates cognitive deficits, neuronal loss, and gliosis in Alzheimer's disease mice. Journal of Alzheimer's Disease, 72(2), 587–604. https://doi.org/10.3233/JAD-190853             

O'Brien, C. G., Ozen, M. O., Ikeda, G., Vaskova, E., Jung, J. H., Bayardo, N., Santoso, M. R., Shi, L., Wahlquist, C., Jiang, Z., Nakamura, K., Yu, A., Rota, M., Shrestha, R., Yamaguchi, S., De Jesus Perez, V. A., Zamboni, C. G., Toma, I., Stayton, P. S., … Wu, J. C. (2021). Mitochondria-rich extracellular vesicles rescue patient-specific cardiomyocytes from doxorubicin injury: Insights into the SENECA trial. JACC: CardioOncology, 3(3), 428–440. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaccao.2021.05.006      

Orfany, A., Arriola, C. G., Doulamis, I. P., Guariento, A., Ramirez-Barbieri, G., Moskowitzova, K., Shin, B., Blitzer, D., Rogers, C., del Nido, P. J., & McCully, J. D. (2020). Mitochondrial transplantation ameliorates acute limb ischemia. Journal of Vascular Surgery, 71(3), 1014–1026. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jvs.2019.03.041       

Paliwal, S., Chaudhuri, R., Agrawal, A., & Mohanty, S. (2018). Regenerative abilities of mesenchymal stem cells through mitochondrial transfer. Journal of Biomedical Science, 25(1), Article 31. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12929-018-0429-1    

Paliwal, S., Jain, S., Mudgal, P., Verma, K., Paliwal, S., & Sharma, S. (2023). Mitochondrial transfer restores impaired liver functions by AMPK/mTOR/PI3K-AKT pathways in metabolic syndrome. Life Sciences, 332, Article 122116. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.lfs.2023.122116         

Patananan, A. N., Sercel, A. J., Wu, T.-H., Ahsan, F. M., Torres, A., Jr., Kennedy, S. A. L., Vandiver, A. R., Collier, A. J., Mehrabi, A., Van Haute, L., Fasching, T., Minczuk, M., Rugg-Gunn, P., Chow, M. P. Y. E., & Teitell, M. A. (2020). Pressure-driven mitochondrial transfer pipeline generates mammalian cells of desired genetic combinations and fates. Cell Reports, 33(13), Article 108562. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.celrep.2020.108562  

Phinney, D. G., Di Giuseppe, M., Njah, J., Sala, E., Shiva, S., St. Croix, C. M., Stolz, D. B., Watkins, S. C., Di, Y. P., Leikauf, G. D., Kolls, J., Riches, D. W. H., Deiuliis, G., Kaminski, N., Boregowda, S. V., McKenna, D. H., & Ortiz, L. A. (2015). Mesenchymal stem cells use extracellular vesicles to outsource mitophagy and shuttle microRNAs. Nature Communications, 6, Article 8472. https://doi.org/10.1038/ncomms9472

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Rodrigues, T., & Ferraz, L. S. (2020). Therapeutic potential of targeting mitochondrial dynamics in cancer. Biochemical Pharmacology, 182, Article 114282. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bcp.2020.114282      

Rosina, M., Ceci, V., Turchi, R., Chuan, Z., Borcherding, N., Sciarretta, F., Sanchez-Diaz, M., Tortolici, F., Karlinsey, K., Chiurchiù, V., Fenizia, C., Karlstaedt, A., D'Amico, D., Ricciardi, S., & Scherer, P. E. (2022). Ejection of damaged mitochondria and their removal by macrophages ensure efficient thermogenesis in brown adipose tissue. Cell Metabolism, 34(4), 533–548.e12. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cmet.2022.02.016      

Sansone, P., Savini, C., Kurelac, I., Chang, Q., Amato, L. B., Strillacci, A., Stepanova, A., Iommarini, L., Mastroleo, C., Daly, L., Galké, B., Thakur, B. K., Soplop, N., Uryu, K., Hoshino, A., Norton, L., Bonafe, M., Cricca, M., Gasparre, G., … Bromberg, J. (2017). Packaging and transfer of mitochondrial DNA via exosomes regulate escape from dormancy in hormonal therapy-resistant breast cancer. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 114(43), E9066–E9075. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1704862114    

Sercel, A. J., Patananan, A. N., Man, T., Wu, T.-H., Yu, A. K., Guyot, G. W., Rabizadeh, S., Niazi, K. R., Chiou, P.-Y., & Teitell, M. A. (2021). Stable transplantation of human mitochondrial DNA by high-throughput, pressurized isolated mitochondrial delivery. eLife, 10, e63102. https://doi.org/10.7554/eLife.63102   

Shi, C., Guo, H., & Liu, X. (2021). Platelet mitochondria transplantation rescues hypoxia/reoxygenation-induced mitochondrial dysfunction and neuronal cell death involving the FUNDC2/PIP3/Akt/FOXO3a axis. Cell Transplantation, 30, 9636897211024210. https://doi.org/10.1177/09636897211024210          

Shi, P., Gao, H., Cheng, Z., & Zhang, Y. (2024). Static magnetic field-modulated mesenchymal stem cell-derived mitochondria-containing microvesicles for enhanced intervertebral disc degeneration therapy. Journal of Nanobiotechnology, 22, Article 457. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12951-024-02716-1  

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Torralba, D., Baixauli, F., & Sánchez-Madrid, F. (2016). Mitochondria know no boundaries: Mechanisms and functions of intercellular mitochondrial transfer. Frontiers in Cell and Developmental Biology, 4, Article 107. https://doi.org/10.3389/fcell.2016.00107          

Tripathi, K., & Ben-Shachar, D. (2024). Mitochondria in the central nervous system in health and disease: The puzzle of the therapeutic potential of mitochondrial transplantation. Cells, 13, Article 410. https://doi.org/10.3390/cells13050410   

van der Vlist, M., Raoof, R., Willemen, H. L. D. M., Prado, J., Versteeg, S., Martin Gil, C., Vos, M., Lokhorst, R. E., Pasterkamp, R. J., Kojima, T., Karasuyama, H., Khoury-Hanold, W., Meyaard, L., & Eijkelkamp, N. (2022). Macrophages transfer mitochondria to sensory neurons to resolve inflammatory pain. Neuron, 110(4), 613–626.e9. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuron.2021.11.020       

Wang, L., Zhou, X., & Lu, T. (2025). Role of mitochondria in physiological activities, diseases, and therapy. Molecular Biomedicine, 6, Article 42. https://doi.org/10.1186/s43556-025-00284-5           

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