Integrative Biomedical Research

Integrative Biomedical Research (Journal of Angiotherapy) | Online ISSN  3068-6326
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Integrative Biomedical Research 10 (1) 1-8 https://doi.org/10.25163/biomedical.10110513

Submitted: 10 February 2026 Revised: 14 April 2026  Accepted: 23 April 2026  Published: 25 April 2026 


Abstract

Dietary bioactive compounds, including methylxanthines (MTXs), catechins, flavonoids, and polyphenols, have emerged as promising agents in the prevention and management of chronic diseases such as cancer and cardiovascular disorders. This review integrates evidence from epidemiological studies, randomized clinical trials, and mechanistic analyses to evaluate the impact of these compounds on colorectal and prostate cancer risk, endothelial function, and related health outcomes. Comprehensive literature searches were conducted across MEDLINE, Embase, Scopus, and Web of Science. The evidence for MTXs in colorectal cancer risk is mixed, with some studies suggesting modest protective effects while others report null associations, reflecting differences in study design, population characteristics, and lifestyle factors. In contrast, polyphenol-rich interventions consistently improved cardiovascular health, as indicated by significant enhancements in flow-mediated dilation across populations, including healthy adults and individuals with metabolic syndrome or coronary artery disease. Green tea catechins and consumption of citrus or cruciferous vegetables were associated with modest reductions in prostate, breast, and pancreatic cancer risk. Mechanistic investigations further support these outcomes, demonstrating anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and anti-proliferative effects. Despite variability in dosing, compound bioavailability, and study duration, the collective evidence underscores the value of incorporating MTX- and polyphenol-rich foods—such as tea, citrus fruits, cruciferous vegetables, cocoa, and coffee—into habitual diets as a practical, accessible strategy to support cardiovascular and cancer prevention. Future research should emphasize long-term, controlled clinical trials, biomarker-driven exposure assessments, and dose-response analyses to refine recommendations and identify populations most likely to benefit.

Keywords: Bioactive compounds; Methylxanthines; Polyphenols; Cancer prevention; Cardiovascular health

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