Microbial Bioactives
Microbial Bioactives | Online ISSN 2209-2161
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Volume 9 Number 1 2026
REVIEWS (Open Access)
Sustainable Biotechnological Approaches for Fungal Laccase Production: Valorization of Agro-Industrial Residues through Solid-State Fermentation
Fardos Marof Bokhari 1*, Magda Mohamed Aly 1, Najwah Yousef Ali Abouznada 1, Samah O Noor 1
Microbial Bioactives 9 (1) 1-8 https://doi.org/10.25163/microbbioacts.9110628
Submitted: 17 February 2026 Revised: 10 April 2026 Accepted: 18 April 2026 Published: 20 April 2026
Abstract
Growing environmental pressures and the increasing accumulation of agricultural and industrial wastes have intensified the search for sustainable biotechnological solutions. Among the promising strategies, fungal laccase production through solid-state fermentation (SSF) has gained significant attention due to its efficiency, low resource requirements, and compatibility with lignocellulosic substrates. This review synthesizes current research on the use of agro-industrial residues as substrates for SSF-based laccase production and examines the environmental applications of these enzymes. Evidence from multiple studies demonstrates that lignocellulosic wastes—including brewer’s spent grain, rice straw, cornstalk, fruit residues, and agricultural by-products—can effectively support fungal growth while simultaneously acting as natural inducers of laccase synthesis. Reported enzyme activities varied widely depending on fungal strain, substrate composition, and fermentation conditions, with species such as Trametes versicolor showing particularly high productivity. Beyond enzyme yield, the review highlights the remarkable potential of SSF-derived laccases in environmental remediation, especially in the degradation of synthetic dyes and other recalcitrant pollutants. Several fungal systems achieved dye decolorization efficiencies exceeding 90%, demonstrating strong catalytic performance under relatively mild conditions. Overall, the integration of SSF with agro-industrial waste valorization offers a sustainable pathway for producing high-value enzymes while reducing environmental pollution. By aligning microbial biotechnology with circular bioeconomy principles, this approach provides an environmentally responsible framework for industrial enzyme production and waste management.
Keywords: Solid-State Fermentation, Fungal Laccase, Agro-Industrial Residues, Waste Valorization, Circular Bioeconomy, Green Biotechnology, Enzyme Production
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