Comprehensive Review of Molluscum Contagiosum in Children: Prevalence, Transmission, Clinical Features, and FDA-Approved Treatments
Hamdy M. Gomaa1, Ghada M. Ghafagy2, Solwan I. El-Samanoudy3, Emad A Taha4, Marwa D Hasan5
Journal of Angiotherapy 8(7) 1-6 https://doi.org/10.25163/angiotherapy.879773
Submitted: 11 June 2024 Revised: 04 July 2024 Published: 09 July 2024
Abstract
Background: Molluscum contagiosum (MC) is a common viral skin infection affecting school-aged children, with a prevalence of 2-8%. Although self-limited, MC often requires active management to prevent spread, scarring, and to address cosmetic and social concerns. Traditional treatments have various complications, and currently, only topical berdazimer gel and cantharidin are approved by the FDA. Methods: A comprehensive literature review was conducted to assess the prevalence, transmission, clinical presentation, complications, and treatment options for MC. The review included studies from various geographic regions, focusing on both physical and chemical treatment methods, as well as newer FDA-approved therapies. Results: MC is most prevalent in children aged 2-5, with no gender-specific differences. The infection manifests as skin-colored, dome-shaped papules, primarily on exposed skin. Complications include school exclusion, social isolation, and secondary infections. Treatment options vary widely in efficacy and safety. Physical treatments like curettage and cryotherapy are effective but can cause scarring and discomfort. Chemical treatments, including potassium hydroxide and cantharidin, offer non-invasive alternatives but have side effects. Newer treatments like topical berdazimer gel and cantharidin solution are promising due to their ease of use and lower complication rates. Conclusion: MC is a significant infection in children, often necessitating treatment due to its complications. While traditional treatments have notable drawbacks, FDA-approved topical therapies, berdazimer gel, and cantharidin, provide effective and safer options. Further research is needed to optimize treatment protocols and minimize adverse effects.
Keywords: Molluscum Contagiosum, Pediatric Skin Infections, Viral Skin Infection Treatment, Berdazimer Gel, Cantharidin
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