Clinical Complications of Beck's Triad in Cardiac Tamponade: Implications for Management and Patient Outcomes

Jose Vinicius Bulhões Da Silva ¹, Emanuel Nascimento Nunes ², Weslley Barbosa Sales ^3, Natália Herculano Paz ², Eduardo Eriko Tenório de França ⁴, Pollyana Soares de Abreu Morais ⁵, Jose Heriston de Morais Lima 5*

This review disccusses the complications linked to Beck's triad enhances diagnostic accuracy and patient care in cardiac tamponade, reducing morbidity and mortality risks.

Abstract

Cardiac tamponade is a critical medical emergency caused by fluid accumulation in the pericardial space, resulting in heart compression. Beck's triad is a key clinical indicator for diagnosing this condition. This integrative review aimed to assess the clinical complications associated with Beck's triad in cardiac tamponade and its implications for patient management and treatment. An electronic search was conducted in the PubMed and BVS (Lilacs & Medline) databases using targeted descriptors. Studies published in the last 10 years that addressed Beck's triad's clinical complications in cardiac tamponade were included, while studies that did not meet the inclusion criteria were excluded. The review identified a range of clinical complications associated with Beck's triad, such as cardiac tamponade, pericardial effusion, hemoptysis, and cardiac arrhythmias, arising from causes including congenital heart disease, viral infections, and invasive procedures. Cardiac tamponade can also lead to systemic complications, raising the risk of thromboembolic events. Management of these complications should be individualized based on the clinical presentation and underlying cause of cardiac tamponade. Echocardiography is essential for diagnosis and ongoing monitoring, allowing accurate assessment of cardiac function and pericardial fluid volume. Timely treatment, including pericardial drainage and hemodynamic support, is critical to lowering morbidity and mortality in cardiac tamponade cases. Early recognition, accurate diagnosis, and prompt management of complications related to Beck's triad are vital for optimizing outcomes. Recognizing early signs and symptoms of severe complications is essential for timely intervention and prevention of further adverse outcomes. A multidisciplinary approach, coupled with continuous education of healthcare professionals, is crucial to implementing best practices and improving patient outcomes in cardiac tamponade.

Keywords: Cardiac tamponade, Beck's triad, Clinical complications, Patient management, Pericardial effusion

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