Research Trends in Postpartum Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder Among High-Risk Pregnancies: A CiteSpace Bibliometric Analysis

Juan Zhu ¹,  Faridah Mohd Said ^1* , Chun Hoe Tan ²

Analyzing postpartum PTSD in high-risk pregnancies shows critical research trends, emphasizing early intervention to improve maternal and neonatal outcomes.

Abstract

Background: High-risk pregnancies are associated with increased complications that can jeopardize maternal and fetal health, leading to adverse outcomes such as intrauterine growth restriction and preterm labor. Postpartum psychiatric challenges, including postpartum depression and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), often emerge due to hormonal shifts and physical trauma during childbirth. Previous research indicates that postpartum PTSD is more prevalent among high-risk pregnancy populations, yet the field lacks centralization. Methods: This study utilized CiteSpace software to analyze 175 relevant publications on postpartum PTSD in high-risk pregnancies retrieved from the Web of Science Core Collection (2004–2024). A systematic literature review, employing a Boolean search strategy, ensured comprehensive data collection. The analysis included citation patterns, keyword co-occurrence, and clustering to identify key trends and emerging research areas. Results: Findings revealed a marked increase in research output, particularly from 2019 onward, with the United States leading in publication volume and centrality. High-frequency keywords included "posttraumatic stress disorder," "postpartum depression," and "risk factors," indicating primary focus areas in this domain. Cluster analysis identified eight thematic areas, with significant attention on factors influencing PP-PTSD, clinical symptoms, and prevention strategies. Keyword emergence maps highlighted evolving interests, particularly the impact of adverse childhood experiences and traumatic childbirth. Conclusion: The study underscores the urgent need for targeted mental health interventions for women with high-risk pregnancies, as these populations are particularly susceptible to postpartum PTSD. Continued research into risk factors and the development of predictive models is essential for improving maternal mental health care, ensuring that interventions are tailored to the specific needs of this vulnerable group. Enhanced understanding of the interplay between maternal health and postpartum outcomes is critical for optimizing care strategies.

Keywords: Postpartum PTSD, High-risk pregnancy, Maternal mental health, Neonatal outcomes, Psychological stress

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