The Strength in Breakdown: Understanding Mitophagy and Its Implications in Cardiovascular Diseases

Anastasia V. Poznyak ¹*, Alexey V. Churov ^2,3, Natalia V. Elizova ², Tatiana Ivanovna Kovyanova ^1,2, Vasily N. Sukhorukov ^3,4, Alexander N. Orekhov ^3,4*

Understanding mitophagy's role in cardiovascular health offers potential therapeutic insights for related disorders.

Abstract

Mitophagy, the selective autophagy of mitochondria, plays a crucial role in maintaining cellular homeostasis by ensuring the quality and quantity of functional mitochondria. This process is essential for cellular health, as dysfunctional mitochondria can lead to severe pathological conditions, including cardiovascular disorders, cancer, and neurodegenerative diseases. Impaired mitophagy may result in abnormal mitochondrial morphology and DNA mutations, contributing to the progression of these ailments. Therefore, understanding the mechanisms regulating mitophagy and its implications in pathological contexts is of great importance. This review paper provides an in-depth exploration of the mechanisms of mitophagy and its role in maintaining mitochondrial quality. It summarizes the most recent findings in the field, particularly focusing on the implications of defective mitophagy in cardiovascular disorders. The study delves into the connections between impaired mitophagy and the development of atherosclerosis, ischemic heart disease, cardiomyopathies, hypertension, and peripheral vascular disease. Moreover, it discusses the various regulatory proteins and processes involved in mitophagy, presenting a comprehensive overview of the intricate network governing this crucial cellular process. By shedding light on the intricate mechanisms involved in mitophagy and its role in addressing cardiovascular disorders, this review paper paves the way for potential therapeutic targets aimed at mitigating mitochondrial dysfunction-related ailments. The identification of pathways and proteins associated with mitophagy provides valuable insights into potential interventions that could prevent or effectively treat these disorders. However, it also highlights the existing uncertainties and the need for further in-depth exploration to fully comprehend the complexity of mitophagy regulation and its broader implications in cellular health.

Keywords: mitophagy; mitochondria; atherosclerosis; CVD.

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