An Integrative Review of Clinical Complications of Virchow's Triad in Deep Vein Thrombosis

Emanuel Nascimento Nunes ¹, José Vinicius Bulhões da Silva ², Weslley Barbosa Sales ³, Eduardo Eriko Tenório de França ⁴, Pollyana Soares de Abreu Morais  ⁵, Jose Heriston de Morais Lima ^6*

This integrative review highlights the critical role of Virchow's triad in DVT pathophysiology, guiding better prevention and treatment strategies.

Abstract

Background: Deep vein thrombosis (DVT) is a serious clinical condition with significant complications. Understanding its underlying mechanisms is essential for developing effective prevention and treatment strategies. This study aims to analyze and synthesize the main clinical complications associated with Virchow's triad and its influence on the management and treatment of patients at risk for DVT. Methods: An integrative literature review was conducted, exploring various data sources, including recent and relevant studies from PubMed and BVS (Lilacs & Medline). The methodology involved formulating a guiding question, searching databases, selecting studies according to inclusion and exclusion criteria, critically analyzing the included studies, discussing the results, and incorporating the samples in the integrative review. Results: The analysis highlighted the complexity of clinical complications associated with Virchow's triad and DVT. Key risk factors such as venous stasis, endothelial injury, and hypercoagulability were identified as determinants in the predisposition to thrombus formation. COVID-19 emerged as a significant complicating factor, increasing the risk of venous thromboembolism in cancer patients. Discussion: Early diagnosis, integrated management, and appropriate prophylactic strategies were identified as crucial for improving clinical outcomes in DVT patients. The study emphasized the importance of a multidisciplinary approach to DVT management, incorporating various healthcare professionals to provide comprehensive care. Conclusion: This study underscores the need for a multidisciplinary and integrated approach to DVT management. By continuing to explore and understand the complexities of venous thrombosis, advancements in prevention, diagnosis, and treatment can be achieved, ultimately improving the quality of life for patients.

Keywords: Deep vein thrombosis, Virchow's triad, Venous stasis, Endothelial injury, Hypercoagulability

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