Angiogenesis, Inflammation & Therapeutics | Online ISSN  2207-872X
RESEARCH ARTICLE   (Open Access)

Synthesis, Characterization and In Vitro Anti-cancer  Properties of Cationic Gemini Surfactants with Alkyl Chains in Human Breast Cancer

Anwar Shalan F. 1*, Samah Hussein Kadhim 1

+ Author Affiliations

Journal of Angiotherapy 8(1) 1-10 https://doi.org/10.25163/angiotherapy.819443

Submitted: 21 December 2023  Revised: 21 January 2024  Published: 22 January 2024 

Anti-cancer activity of Gemini surfactants in human breast cancer cells

Abstract


Gemini surfactants have unique advantages in various industries such as detergents, cosmetics, paints, and pharmaceuticals due to their versatile hydrophilic-lipophilic balance. Three novel cationic surfactants, derived from alkyl alcohol and epichlorohydrin, featuring multi-alkyl multiple quaternary-ammonium salts, were synthesized with the order of C4 > C6 > C8 alkyl groups. The structure of the synthetic compounds was determined using FTIR and 1H-NMR analysis. The anti-cancer properties of the Gemini surfactants were determined with the MCF-7 breast cancer cell line, using the MTT cytotoxicity assay. We found an increase in alkyl groups (C4 > C6 > C8), indicating that larger alkyl groups contribute to improved surface qualities. The compounds showed improved surface qualities and reduced critical micelle concentration (CMC). In addition, The results showed the significant anti-cancer potential of compound B1 on the breast cancer cell line. In comparison to compounds B2 and B3, the highest inhibition was observed at concentrations from 25 to 400 µg/mL, demonstrating 26.8% to 4.3% and 32% to 4.7%, inhibition, respectively.

Keywords: Gemini surfactants, Hydrophilic-lipophilic, Cationic surfactants, Breast cancer, Anti-cancer

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