Comparison of anti-inflammatory and analgesic effects of artocarpin-rich Artocarpus heterophyllus extract and artocarpin

Rizwan Rashid Bazmi¹, Muhammad Asif^2**, Hafiza Sidra Yaseen³, Pharkphoom Panichayupakaranant^1,4*

The present study has an impact on overcoming the inflammation problem, which can lead to various types of chronic inflammatory diseases, using the artocarpin  & artocarpin-rich Artocarpus heterophyllus extract. The primary significance of this research is the achievement of preparation of a natural anti-inflammatory and analgesic agent using a green chemistry, which contributes to combat inflammation and analgesia. Furthermore, this method is practically used for industrial commercialization.    

Abstract

Introduction: The present study was carried out to evaluate the in vivo anti-inflammatory and analgesic effects of artocarpin-rich Artocarpus heterophyllus wood extract (ARE) and its major bioactive compound, artocarpin. Methods: ARE was prepared using a green microwave extraction coupled with column chromatography using polystyrene/divinylbenzene resin. The extract obtained was standardized to contain artocarpin content of 49.6% w/w using HPLC method. The effects of ARE and artocarpin were analyzed using acute and chronic paw edema anti-inflammatory models in Wister albino rats and the acetic acid induced writhing and formalin induced analgesic models in Swiss albino mice. CAM assay was performed to evaluate the antiangiogenic potential of extract and pure compound. Results: The results indicated that ARE and artocarpin exhibited time and dose-dependent anti-inflammatory and anti-nociceptive responses. ARE at a dose of 200 mg/kg (equivalent to artocarpin 99.2 mg/kg) and artocarpin (100 mg/kg) significantly reduced (p <  0.05) paw edema development and pain. In addition, ARE (200 mg/kg) and artocarpin (100 mg/kg) produced comparable (p < 0.001) anti-inflammatory and nociceptive effects as the standard drugs, indomethacin and diclofenac sodium (10 mg/kg). At the lowest doses of ARE (50 mg/kg) and artocarpin (25 mg/kg), a smaller decrease in paw swelling was observed relative to 100 mg/kg ARE and 50 mg/kg artocarpin treatment groups (p > 0.001) throughout the study. Findings of CAM assay showed potent antiangiogenic activity of ARE and artocarpin Conclusion: Together these findings suggested that ARE and artocarpin are effective in ameliorating inflammatory and promoting analgesic effects. Therefore, ARE and artocarpin hold high promise as alternative anti-inflammatory and analgesic therapeutics and worthy of further investigations.

Keywords: Analgesic; anti-inflammatory; artocarpin; Artocarpus heterophyllus; angiogenesis

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