Microbial Bioactives

Microbial Bioactives | Online ISSN 2209-2161
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Risk, Resilience, and Functional Stability of Marine Microzooplankton in a Changing Ocean: Insights from Systematic Review and Meta-Analytical Evidence

Md. Anisur Rahman 1, Sohrab Hossain 1, Biplab Biswas 1 , Monirul Islam1,  Ahsan Habib 1*

+ Author Affiliations

Microbial Bioactives 6 (1) 1-8 https://doi.org/10.25163/microbbioacts.6110670

Submitted: 17 October 2023 Revised: 12 December 2023  Published: 22 December 2023 


Abstract

Microzooplankton and protist communities are critical drivers of marine ecosystem functioning, mediating carbon cycling, nutrient regeneration, and energy transfer. Despite their ecological significance, these microorganisms are increasingly exposed to multiple environmental stressors, including ocean warming, acidification, deoxygenation, eutrophication, and salinity fluctuations. This systematic review and meta-analysis synthesizes current evidence to evaluate the vulnerability, resilience, and adaptive capacity of microzooplankton across diverse marine environments. Our analysis integrates quantitative effect sizes, experimental manipulations, and network-based studies to reveal differential responses among taxa. Warming generally favors smaller, fast-growing protists and induces shifts in community composition, whereas acidification impacts are mostly indirect, mediated through altered phytoplankton prey quality. Deoxygenation emerges as a critical stressor, causing pronounced reductions in growth, diversity, and community structure. Eutrophication and salinity gradients further modulate species composition and trophic interactions, particularly in coastal and estuarine systems. Notably, functional redundancy, mixotrophy, and resting cyst formation enhance community resilience, maintaining biogeochemical processes even under extreme environmental pressures. Extreme environments, such as hypersaline anoxic basins, exemplify the remarkable physiological plasticity of micro-eukaryotes, reinforcing their role as stabilizers of ecosystem function. Our findings highlight the need to consider both sensitivity and adaptive traits in assessing marine ecosystem risk, emphasizing the dual role of microzooplankton as indicators of environmental change and as agents of functional stability.

Keywords: Microzooplankton, Protists, Marine Ecosystems, Climate Change, Resilience, Ocean Acidification, Deoxygenation, Eutrophication, Functional Redundancy

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