Journal of Angiotherapy
Angiogenesis, Inflammation & Therapeutics | Online ISSN  2207-872X
  1. You are here:
  2. Home
  3. Journals
  4. Biological Sciences
RESEARCH ARTICLE   (Open Access)
Contents Vol 8 (9)

Anticancer Potential of Cardamom (Elettaria cardamomum) Essential Oil Against TNBC, Glioma and Kidney Cancer In Vitro

Javed Ahamad 1*

+ Author Affiliations

Journal of Angiotherapy 8 (9) 1-7 https://doi.org/10.25163/angiotherapy.889859

Submitted: 21 May 2024 Revised: 21 September 2024  Published: 29 September 2024 

Abstract

Background: Green cardamom (Elettaria cardamomum (L.) Maton), a member of the Zingiberaceae family, is widely recognized for its use as a spice and traditional medicine. It is commonly used for treating gastric, cardiac, and kidney disorders, as well as infections and inflammatory conditions. Cardamom essential oil, known for its high content of bioactive compounds such as 1,8-cineole and α-terpinyl acetate, has been studied for its diverse biological activities, including antioxidant, antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, and anticancer effects. However, little is known about its anticancer potential against MDA-MB-231 (triple-negative breast cancer), U87 (glioblastoma), and HEK 293 (kidney) cell lines, especially in the context of cardamom oil sourced from Iraq. Methods: Cardamom essential oil was extracted via hydro-distillation from cardamom fruits collected in Erbil, Iraq, and its chemical composition was analyzed using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The oil’s anticancer activity was evaluated using the MTT assay against MDA-MB-231, U87, and HEK 293 cell lines. The cells were treated with various concentrations of cardamom essential oil, and cell viability was measured after 24 hours. The IC50 values were calculated to determine the oil’s efficacy. Results: GC-MS analysis revealed 33 compounds in the essential oil, with 1,8-cineole (42.37%) and α-terpinyl acetate (22.14%) being the predominant constituents. The MTT assay demonstrated that cardamom essential oil significantly reduced cell viability in MDA-MB-231 and HEK 293 cell lines in a dose-dependent manner, with IC50 values of 96.95 µl/ml and 157.44 µl/ml, respectively. However, the oil was less effective against U87 cells, showing only 40.67% inhibition at the highest concentration (500 µl/ml). Conclusion: Cardamom essential oil, rich in 1,8-cineole and α-terpinyl acetate, exhibited strong anticancer activity against MDA-MB-231 and HEK 293 cell lines, highlighting its potential as a therapeutic agent for triple-negative breast cancer. Further studies are needed to explore its full potential and mechanisms of action against different cancer types.

Keywords: Cardamom essential oil, MDA-MB-231, anticancer activity, GC-MS, TNBC cells

References

Adams, R.P. (2007). Identification of essential oil components by gas chromatography/mass spectroscopy, 4th edition, Allured Publishing Corporation, Carol Stream, Illinois.

Ahamad, J. (2023). Characterization of essential oil composition of Syzygium aromaticum Linn. (Clove) by GC-MS and evaluation of its antioxidant activity. Journal of Angiotherapy, 7(1), 1-5.

Ahamad, J., & Uthirapathy, S. (2021). GC/MS profile and in-vitro α-glucosidase inhibitory activity of essential oil of Eucalyptus camaldulensis Dehnh collected from (Erbil) Iraq. Current Bioactive Compounds, 17(5), 47-52.

Ahamad, J., Uthirapathy, S., Ameen, M. S., Anwer, E. T., Hussain, F. H., & Mir, S. R. (2020). Chemical composition and in vitro antidiabetic effects of Olea europaea Linn. (Olive). Current Bioactive Compounds, 16(8), 1157-1163.

Ahamad, J., Uthirapathy, S., Mohammed Ameen, M. S., & Anwer, E. T. (2019). Essential oil composition and antidiabetic, anticancer activity of Rosmarinus officinalis L. leaves from Erbil (Iraq). Journal of Essential Oil Bearing Plants, 22(6), 1544-1553.

Ahmad, J., Ahamad, J., Algahtani, M. S., Garg, A., Shahzad, N., Ahmad, M. Z., & Imam, S. S. (2024). Nanotechnology-mediated delivery of resveratrol as promising strategy to improve therapeutic efficacy in triple negative breast cancer (TNBC): Progress and promises. Expert Opinion on Drug Delivery, 21(2), 229-244.

Ali, M. (2001). Techniques in terpenoid identification, Birla Publication, Delhi, India.

Anwar, F., Abbas, A., & Alkharfy, K. M. (2016). Cardamom (Elettaria cardamomum Maton) Oils. In Essential oils in food preservation, flavor and safety (pp. 295-301). Academic Press.

Ashokkumar, K., Murugan, M., Dhanya, M. K., & Warkentin, T. D. (2020). Botany, traditional uses, phytochemistry and biological activities of cardamom [Elettaria cardamomum (L.) Maton]–A critical review. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 246, 112244.

Ashokkumar, K., Vellaikumar, S., Murugan, M., Dhanya, M. K., Ariharasutharsan, G., Aiswarya, S., ... & Karthikeyan, A. (2021). Essential oil profile diversity in cardamom accessions from southern India. Frontiers in Sustainable Food Systems, 5, 639619.

Elguindy, N. M., Yacout, G. A., & El Azab, E. F. (2018). Amelioration of DENA-induced oxidative stress in rat kidney and brain by the essential oil of Elettaria cardamomum. Beni-Suef University Journal of Basic and Applied Sciences, 7(3), 299-305.

Husain, S. S., & Ali, M. (2014). Analysis of volatile oil of the fruits of Elettaria cardamomum (L.) Maton and its antimicrobial activity. World Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 3(2), 1798-1808.

Jamal, A., Javed, K., Aslam, M., & Jafri, M. A. (2006). Gastroprotective effect of cardamom, Elettaria cardamomum Maton. fruits in rats. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 103(2), 149-153.

Kaushik, P., Goyal, P., Chauhan, A., & Chauhan, G. (2010). In vitro evaluation of antibacterial potential of dry fruitextracts of Elettaria cardamomum Maton (Chhoti Elaichi). Iranian Journal of Pharmaceutical Research: IJPR, 9(3), 287.

Khattab, A. A., Taweek, A. M., Abo-EL-Sooud, K., Ahmed, K. A., El-Gendy, A. N., & Ahmed, A. R. (2020). Elettaria cardamomum essential oil rescues paraceta-mol-induced hepatorenal damage via modulating oxidative stress in rats. Adv. Anim. Vet. Sci, 8(s2), 24-33.

Kumar, A., Tandon, S., Ahmad, J., Yadav, A., & Kahol, A. P. (2005). Essential oil composition of seed and fruit coat of Elettaria cardamomum from South India. Journal of Essential Oil Bearing Plants, 8(2), 204-207.

Kumar, S., & Kumari, R. (2021). Traditional, Phytochemical and Biological activities of Elettaria cardamomum (L.) Maton–A review. International Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research, 12(8), 4122.

Kumar, P., Nagarajan, A., & Uchil, P. D. (2018). Analysis of cell viability by the MTT assay. Cold spring harbor protocols, 2018(6), pdb-prot095505.

Makhija, P., Handral, H. K., Mahadevan, G., Kathuria, H., Sethi, G., & Grobben, B. (2022). Black cardamom (Amomum subulatum Roxb.) fruit extracts exhibit apoptotic activity against lung cancer cells. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 287, 114953.

Manjunath, C., & Mahurkar, N. (2021). In vitro cytotoxicity of cardamom oil, lemon oil, and jasmine oil on human skin, gastric, and brain cancer cell line. Journal of Cancer Research and Therapeutics, 17(1), 62-68.

Masoumi-Ardakani, Y., Mandegary, A., Esmaeilpour, K., Najafipour, H., Sharififar, F., Pakravanan, M., & Ghazvini, H. (2016). Chemical composition, anticonvulsant activity, and toxicity of essential oil and methanolic extract of Elettaria cardamomum. Planta Medica, 82(17), 1482-1486.

Özkan, O. E., Olgun, Ç., Güney, B., Gür, M., Güney, K., & Ates, S. (2018). Chemical composition and antimicrobial activity of Myristica fragrans & Elettaria cardamomum essential oil. Kastamonu University Journal of Forestry Faculty, 18(2), 225-229.

Qiblawi, S., Kausar, M. A., Shahid, S. M. A., Saeed, M., & Alazzeh, A. Y. (2020). Therapeutic interventions of cardamom in cancer and other human diseases. Journal of Pharmaceutical Research International, 32(22), 74-84.

Samanta, A., Dobhal, K., Singh, A., Verma, S., & Jakhmola, V. (2023). Potential action of cardamom (Elettaria cardamomum) against triple-negative breast cancer. BLDE University Journal of Health Sciences, 8(2), 210-219.

Savan, E. K., & Küçükbay, F. Z. (2013). Essential oil composition of Elettaria cardamomum Maton. Journal of Applied Biological Sciences, 7(3), 42-45.

Souissi, M., Azelmat, J., Chaieb, K., & Grenier, D. (2020). Antibacterial and anti-inflammatory activities of cardamom (Elettaria cardamomum) extracts: Potential therapeutic benefits for periodontal infections. Anaerobe, 61, 102089.

Tarfaoui, K., Brhadda, N., Ziri, R., Oubihi, A., Imtara, H., Haida, S., & Ouhssine, M. (2022). Chemical profile, antibacterial and antioxidant potential of Zingiber officinale Roscoe and Elettaria cardamomum (L.) maton essential oils and extracts. Plants, 11(11), 1487.

Tohkayomatee, R., Reabroi, S., Tungmunnithum, D., Parichatikanond, W., & Pinthong, D. (2022). Andrographolide exhibits anticancer activity against breast cancer cells (MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 cells) through suppressing cell proliferation and inducing cell apoptosis via inactivation of ER-α receptor and PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling. Molecules, 27(11), 3544.

Vahabi, S., Torshabi, M., & Mirsharif, S. Z. (2023). Comparison of Cytotoxic and Antibacterial Effects of Elettaria cardamomum Extract and Essential Oil. Journal of Dental School, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, 41(4), 157-161.

Vukovic, N. L., Vukic, M. D., Obradovic, A. D., Matic, M. M., Galovicová, L., & Kacániová, M. (2022). GC, GC/MS Analysis, and Biological Effects of Essential Oils from Thymus mastchina and Elettaria cardamomum. Plants, 11(23), 3213.

Vutakuri, N., & Somara, S. (2018). Natural and herbal medicine for breast cancer using Elettaria cardamomum (L.) Maton. Int J Herbal Med, 6(2), 91-96.

Yahyazadeh, R., Rahbardar, M. G., Razavi, B. M., Karimi, G., & Hosseinzadeh, H. (2021). The effect of Elettaria cardamomum (cardamom) on the metabolic syndrome: Narrative review. Iranian Journal of Basic Medical Sciences, 24(11), 1462.

PDF
Abstract
Export Citation

View Dimensions


View Plumx


View Altmetric




Save
0
Citation
187
View

Share