Abstract

Background: Hypothyroidism, a common thyroid dysfunction, disrupts the neuroendocrine axis, affecting testicular function. Fenugreek (Trigonella foenum-graecum L.), a traditional herbal remedy, is known for its anti-diabetic and hypocholesterolemic effects but may also impact fertility. This study investigates the effects of fenugreek on sperm characteristics in hypothyroid male rats. Methods: Forty male rats were divided into four groups: control, hypothyroid control, hypothyroid with fenugreek (15 mg/kg B.W.), and hypothyroid with L-T4 (0.1 mg/kg/day). Hypothyroidism was induced with 0.05% 6-propyl-thiouracil in drinking water for 30 days. Thyroid hormones (TSH, T3, T4) and sperm parameters (motility, viability, morphology) were analyzed post-treatment. Results: Hypothyroid rats showed significantly increased TSH and decreased T3 and T4 levels compared to controls. Treatment with fenugreek or L-T4 significantly reduced TSH and increased T3 and T4 levels. Both treatments also improved sperm motility, viability, and morphology compared to hypothyroid controls. Conclusion: Fenugreek ameliorates the adverse effects of hypothyroidism on thyroid hormone levels and sperm characteristics in male rats, suggesting its potential as a therapeutic agent for managing hypothyroidism-related fertility issues. Further research is warranted to explore the underlying mechanisms and long-term effects of fenugreek supplementation.

Keywords: Thyroxine, Fenugreek, hypothyroidism, sperm quality, male fertility, thyroid hormones