Phytochemical analysis and Anticancer Potency of Black Cumin Oil (Nigella sativa Linn.) Against Osteosarcoma
Raad A Kaskoos 1, Javed Ahamad 2 *
Journal of Angiotherapy 8(5) 1-5 https://doi.org/10.25163/angiotherapy.859620
Submitted: 31 May 2024 Revised: 20 May 2024 Published: 25 May 2024
Abstract
Background: Black cumin (Nigella sativa Linn.) is a widely accepted remedy and spice in Middle Eastern countries. Traditionally, it has been used for treating and preventing various chronic diseases, including cancer, diabetes, and respiratory conditions. Methods: This study aimed to characterize the chemical components of black cumin oil using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and attenuated total reflectance-Fourier transform infrared (ATR-FTIR) spectroscopy. Additionally, the anticancer activity of black cumin oil was evaluated using an MTT assay on MG-63 human osteosarcoma cell lines. Results: The GC-MS analysis identified 30 chemical compounds in black cumin oil. The major non-volatile components were thymohydroquinone (31.40%), linoleic acid (18.23%), stearic acid (18.02%), 2,4-decadienal (E,E) (11.14%), diethyl phthalate (5.22%), and palmitic acid (4.33%). The major volatile components included citronellal (0.29%), carvacrol (0.35%), β-pinene (0.41%), and limonene (0.19%). FTIR analysis confirmed the presence of alkanes (hydrocarbons), aldehydes, aliphatic esters, cyclopentanone, and alkenes. The oil exhibited dose-dependent (0.5-500 µg/mL) and time-dependent (24 h) inhibition of MG-63 cell lines, with an IC50 value of 33.66 µg/mL. Conclusion: This study enhances the understanding of the chemical composition of black cumin oil and provides evidence supporting its ethno-medicinal use by demonstrating its anticancer activity.
Keywords: ATR-FTIR, Black cumin, Cancer, GC-MS, MG-63 cell lines, Nigella sativa.
References
Adams RP. Identification of essential oil components by gas chromatography/mass spectroscopy, 4th edition, Allured Publishing Corporation, Carol Stream, Illinois, 2007.
Ahamad J, Uthirapathy S, Ameen MSM, Anwer ET. Essential oil composition and antidiabetic, anticancer activity of Rosmarinus officinalis L. leaves from Erbil (Iraq). J Essent Oil Bear Pl. 2019; 22(6): 1544-1553.
Ahmad A, Husain A, Mujeeb M, Khan SA, Najmi AK, Siddique NA, Damanhouri ZA, Anwar F. A review on therapeutic potential of Nigella sativa: A miracle herb. Asian Pac J Trop Biomed. 2013; 3(5): 337-52.
Alemi M, Sabouni F, Sanjarian F, Haghbeen K, Ansari S. Anti-inflammatory effect of seeds and callus of Nigella sativa L. Extracts on mix glial cells with regard to their thymoquinone content. AAPS Pharm Sci Tech. 2013; 14(1): 160-167.
Ali M. Techniques in terpenoid identification, Birla Publication, Delhi, India, 2001.
Anoop T, Geetha N, Babanrao SA, Jayasree K. Primary osteosarcoma of rib mimicking lung mass with secondary aneurysmal bone cyst formation. J Thorac Oncol. 2014; 9: 738-739.
Ardiana M, Pikir BS, Santoso A, Hermawan HO, Al-Farabi MJ. Effect of Nigella sativa supplementation on oxidative stress and antioxidant parameters: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Scientific World J. 2020; 2390706. doi: 10.1155/2020/2390706.
Boskabady MH, Mohsenpoor N, Takaloo L. Antiasthmatic effect of Nigella sativa in airways of asthmatic patients. Phytomed. 2010; 17(10): 707-713.
Chaieb K, Kouidhi B, Jrah H, Mahdouani K, Bakhrouf A. Antibacterial activity of Thymoquinone, an active principle of Nigella sativa and its potency to prevent bacterial biofilm formation. BMC Compl Alternative Med. 2011; 11: 29. doi: 10.1186/1472-6882-11-29.
Gerige SJ, Gerige MKY, Rao M, Ramanjaneyulu. GC-MS analysis of Nigella sativa seeds and antimicrobial activity of its volatile oil. Braz Arch Biol Technol. 2009; 52(5): 1189-1192.
Gezici S, and Sekeroglu N. Current Perspectives in the Application of Medicinal Plants Against Cancer: Novel Therapeutic Agents. Anticancer Agents Med Chem. 2019; 19(1): 101-111.
Gholamnezhad Z, Havakhah S, Boskabady MH. Preclinical and clinical effects of Nigella sativa and its constituent, thymoquinone: A review. J Ethnopharmacol. 2016; 190: 372-86.
Hamrouni-Sellami ME, Kchouk B Marzouk. Lipid and aroma composition of black cumin (Nigella sativa L.) seeds from Tunisia. J Food Biochem. 2008; 32(3): 335-352.
Hassanien MFR, Assiri AMA, Alzohairy AM, Oraby HF. Health-promoting value and food applications of black cumin essential oil: an overview. J Food Sci Technol. 2015; 52(10): 6136-6142.
Heshmati J, and Namazi N. Effects of black seed (Nigella sativa) on metabolic parameters in diabetes mellitus: a systematic review. Complement Ther Med. 2015; 23(2): 275-282.
Ijaz H, Tulain UR, Qureshi J, Danish Z, Musayab S, Akhtar MF, et al. Review: Nigella sativa (Prophetic Medicine): A Review. Pak J Pharm Sci. 2017; 30(1): 229-234.
Kabir Y, Akasaka-Hashimoto Y, Kubota K, Komai M. Volatile compounds of black cumin (Nigella sativa L.) seeds cultivated in Bangladesh and India. Heliyon 2020; 6: e05343. doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2020.e05343.
Kooti W, Hasanzadeh-Noohi Z, Sharafi-Ahvazi N, Asadi-Samani M, Ashtary-Larky D. Phytochemistry, pharmacology, and therapeutic uses of black seed (Nigella sativa). Chin J Nat Med. 2016; 14(10): 732-745.
Mahmoudvand H, Sepahvand A, Jahanbakhsh S, Ezatpour B, Ayatollahi Mousavi SA. Evaluation of antifungal activities of the essential oil and various extracts of Nigella sativa and its main component, thymoquinone against pathogenic dermatophyte strains. J Mycol Med. 2014; 24(4): e155-61. doi: 10.1016/j.mycmed.2014.06.048.
Majdalawieh AF, and Fayyad MW. Immunomodulatory and anti-inflammatory action of Nigella sativa and thymoquinone: A comprehensive review. Int Immunopharmacol. 2015; 28(1): 295-304.
Marquez CMD, Garcia JG, Antonio JG, Jacinto SD, Velarde MC. Alangium longiflorum Merr. leaf extract induces apoptosis in A549 lung cancer cells with minimal NFκB transcriptional activation. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev. 2020; 21(8): 2453-2461.
Mostofa AGM, Hossain MK, Basak D, et al. Thymoquinone as a potential adjuvant therapy for cancer treatment: evidence from preclinical studies. Front Pharmacol. 2017; 8: 295. doi: 10.3389/fphar.2017.00295. eCollection 2017.
Padhye S, Banerjee S, Ahmad A, Mohammad R, Sarkar FH. From here to eternity - the secret of Pharaohs: therapeutic potential of black cumin seeds and beyond. Cancer Ther. 2008; 6(b): 495-510.
Ramadan MF. Nutritional value, functional properties and nutriaceutical applications of black cumin (Nigella sativa L.): an overview. Int J Food Sci Technol. 2007; 42(10): 1208-1218.
Randhawa MA, and Alghamdi MS. Anticancer activity of Nigella sativa (black seed) - a review. Am J Chin Med. 2011; 39(6): 1075-1091.
Rchid H, Nmila R, Bessiere JM, Sauvaire Y, Chokaïri M. Volatile components of Nigella damascene L. and Nigella sativa L. seeds. J Essent Oil Res. 2004; 16(6): 585-587.
Vaillancourt F, Silva P, Shi Q, Fahmi H, Fernandes JC, Benderdour M. Elucidation of molecular mechanisms underlying the protective effects of thymoquinone against rheumatoid arthritis. J Cell Biochem. 2011; 112(1): 107-117.
Vlachos N, Skopelitis Y, Psaroudaki M, Konstantinidou V, Chatzilazarou A, Tegou E. Application of fourier transform infrared Spectroscopy to edible oils. Analyt chim Acta. 2006; 573: 459-465.
Wajs R, Bonikowski D Kalemba. Composition of essential oil from seeds of Nigella sativa L. cultivated in Poland. Flavour Fragrance J. 2008; 23(2): 126-132.
Woo CC, Kumar AP, Sethi G, Tan KH. Thymoquinone: potential cure for inflammatory disorders and cancer. Pharmacol. 2012; 83(4): 443-451.
Yi T, Cho SG, Yi Z, Pang X, Rodriguez M, Wang Y. et al., Thymoquinone inhibits tumor angiogenesis and tumor growth through suppressing AKT and extracellular signal-regulated kinase signaling pathways. Mol Cancer Therapeut. 2008; 7(7): 1789-1796.
View Dimensions
View Altmetric
Save
Citation
View
Share