Synthesis, Characterization and In Vitro Anti-cancer Properties of Cationic Gemini Surfactants with Alkyl Chains in Human Breast Cancer
Anwar Shalan F. 1*, Samah Hussein Kadhim 1
Journal of Angiotherapy 8(1) 1-10 https://doi.org/10.25163/angiotherapy.819443
Submitted: 21 December 2023 Revised: 21 January 2024 Published: 22 January 2024
Abstract
Gemini surfactants have unique advantages in various industries such as detergents, cosmetics, paints, and pharmaceuticals due to their versatile hydrophilic-lipophilic balance. Three novel cationic surfactants, derived from alkyl alcohol and epichlorohydrin, featuring multi-alkyl multiple quaternary-ammonium salts, were synthesized with the order of C4 > C6 > C8 alkyl groups. The structure of the synthetic compounds was determined using FTIR and 1H-NMR analysis. The anti-cancer properties of the Gemini surfactants were determined with the MCF-7 breast cancer cell line, using the MTT cytotoxicity assay. We found an increase in alkyl groups (C4 > C6 > C8), indicating that larger alkyl groups contribute to improved surface qualities. The compounds showed improved surface qualities and reduced critical micelle concentration (CMC). In addition, The results showed the significant anti-cancer potential of compound B1 on the breast cancer cell line. In comparison to compounds B2 and B3, the highest inhibition was observed at concentrations from 25 to 400 µg/mL, demonstrating 26.8% to 4.3% and 32% to 4.7%, inhibition, respectively.
Keywords: Gemini surfactants, Hydrophilic-lipophilic, Cationic surfactants, Breast cancer, Anti-cancer
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