References

Abo-Elsoud, R. A. E. A., Ahmed Mohamed Abdelaziz, S., Attia Abd Eldaim, M., & Hazzaa, S. M. (2022). Moringa oleifera alcoholic extract protected stomach from bisphenol A–induced gastric ulcer in rats via its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities. Environmental Science and Pollution Research.

Aderibigbe, A. O., Emudianughe, T. S., & Lawal, B. A. S. (1999). Antihyperglycaemic effect of Mangifera indica in rats. Phytotherapy Research, 13(6), 504–507.

Afiune, L. A. F., Leal-Silva, T., Sinzato, Y. K., Moraes-Souza, R. Q., Soares, T. S., Campos, K. E., Fujiwara, R. T., Herrera, E., Damasceno, D. C., & Volpato, G. T. (2017). Beneficial effects of Hibiscus rosa-sinensis L. flower aqueous extract in pregnant rats with diabetes. PLOS ONE, 12(6), e0179785.

Agrawal, S. S., Kumar, A., Gullaiya, S., Dubey, V., Nagar, A., Tiwari, P., Dhar, P., & Singh, V. (2012). Antifertility activity of methanolic bark extract of Aegle marmelos (L.) in male Wistar rats. DARU Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 20(1).

Ahammed, K., Joardar, M. H. H., Islam, M. U., Yameen, M. B., Rahman, S. M., & Sharmin, R. (2020). Evaluation of nephroprotective and cytotoxic effect of ethanolic extract of Mikania scandens leaves by using alloxan-induced diabetic nephropathy mice. Clinical Phytoscience, 6, 1–8.

Akbar, S. (2020). Justicia adhatoda L. (Acanthaceae). Handbook of 200 Medicinal Plants, 1059–1066.

Akhtar, N., Iqbal, S., Shahzad, M. F., Latif, M., & Iqbal, F. (2020). Oral supplementation of Ficus religiosa leaf extract adversely affects the selected behavioral aspects of male albino mice. Biologia, 75(12), 2295–2300.

Akhtar, N., Rashid, A., Murad, W., & Bergmeier, E. (2013). Diversity and use of ethno-medicinal plants in the region of Swat, North Pakistan. Journal of Ethnobiology and Ethnomedicine, 9(1), 25.

Alexiades, M. N., & Sheldon, J. W. (Eds.). (1996). Selected guidelines for ethnobotanical research: a field manual (pp. xx+-306).

Ali, M. Z., Mehmood, M. H., Saleem, M., & Gilani, A.-H. (2020). The use of Euphorbia hirta L. (Euphorbiaceae) in diarrhea and constipation involves calcium antagonism and cholinergic mechanisms. BMC Complementary Medicine and Therapies, 20(1).

Alsayari, A., & Wahab, S. (2021). Genus Ziziphus for the treatment of chronic inflammatory diseases. Saudi Journal of Biological Sciences, 28(12), 6897–6914.

Al-Shaqha, W. M., Khan, M., Salam, N., Azzi, A., & Chaudhary, A. A. (2015). Anti-diabetic potential of Catharanthus roseus Linn. and its effect on the glucose transport gene (GLUT-2 and GLUT-4) in streptozotocin-induced diabetic Wistar rats. BMC Complementary and Alternative Medicine, 15(1).

Anjum, J., Lone, R., & Khursheed Alam Wani. (2017). Lychee (Litchi chinensis): Biochemistry, panacea, and nutritional value.

Anquez-Traxler, C. (2011). The legal and regulatory framework of herbal medicinal products in the European Union: A focus on the traditional herbal medicines category. Drug Information Journal, 45(1), 15–23.

Arora, P., Ansari, S. H., & Nainwal, L. M. (2022). Clerodendrum serratum extract attenuates production of inflammatory mediators in ovalbumin-induced asthma in rats. Turkish Journal of Chemistry, 46(2), 330–341.

Arrout, A., El Ghallab, Y., Yafout, M., Lefriyekh, M. R., & Ait, A. (2024). Medicinal plants for gallstones: A cross-sectional survey of Moroccan patients. Phytomedicine Plus, 4(1), 100524–100524.

Arulmozhi, S., Mazumder, P. M., Lohidasan, S., & Thakurdesai, P. (2010). Antidiabetic and antihyperlipidemic activity of leaves of Alstonia scholaris Linn. R. Br. European Journal of Integrative Medicine, 2(1), 23–32.

Asif, H. M., Sultana, S., & Akhtar, N. (2014). A panoramic view on phytochemical, nutritional, ethanobotanical uses, and pharmacological values of Trachyspermum ammi Linn. Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Biomedicine, 4, S545–S553.

Ayeni, M. I., Akanmu, M. A., Bolaji, O. O., Osasan, S. A., Olayiwola, G., Afolabi, M. O., & Morohunfola, A. M. (2017). Bilirubin lowering potential of aqueous Carica papaya extract in induced jaundice in rats. Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, 5(7).

Ayodipupo Babalola, B., Ifeolu Akinwande, A., Otunba, A. A., Ebenezer Adebami, G., Babalola, O., & Nwuofo, C. (2024). Therapeutic benefits of Carica papaya: A review on its pharmacological activities and characterization of papain. Arabian Journal of Chemistry, 17(1), 105369.

Azevedo da Paixão, J., Fernando de Araújo Neto, J., Oliveira do Nascimento, B., Mota da Costa, D., Brandão, H. N., Duarte Souza, F. V., Hilo de Souza, E., Lovatti Alves, Q., Lima Erling, S. B., & Pereira de Lima David, J. (2021). Pharmacological actions of Ananas comosus L. Merril: Revision of the works published from 1966 to 2020. Pharmacognosy Reviews, 15(29), 57–64.

Aziz, A., Ullah, Z., & Pieroni, A. (2020). Wild food plant gathering among Kalasha, Yidgha, Nuristani, and Khowar speakers in Chitral, NW Pakistan. Sustainability, 12(21), 9176.

Bach, T., Anh, T., & Phuong. (2018). Improving hairy root induction of Urena lobata L. by Agrobacterium rhizogenes ATCC 15834 by some factors. Khoa ho?c Co^ng nghe?^, 21(3), 90–97.

Bahiram, D. N., Wagh, S. A., Yeole, R. R., Ahmad, S., Shaikh, H., Deo, S. D., & Dhamane, P. S. (2023). Boerhaavia diffusa Linn (Punarnava)–Phytochemistry & pharmacological effects on various diseases in condition.

Bahmani, M., Baharvand-Ahmadi, B., Tajeddini, P., Rafieian-Kopaei, M., & Naghdi, N. (2016). Identification of medicinal plants for the treatment of kidney and urinary stones. Journal of Renal Injury Prevention, 5(3), 129–133.

Banarase, N. B., Mukesh Kr Singh, Gurdeep Singh, Ritesh Patel, & Pawan Tiwari. (2022). A comprehensive review on some species of Mikania. YMER 21, 299–309.

Bani, S., Hasanpour, S., Mousavi, Z., Mostafa Garehbaghi, P., & Gojazadeh, M. (2014). The effect of Rosa damascena extract on primary dysmenorrhea: A double-blind cross-over clinical trial. Iranian Red Crescent Medical Journal, 16(1).

Barth, A., Hovhannisyan, A., Jamalyan, K., & Narimanyan, M. (2015). Antitussive effect of a fixed combination of Justicia adhatoda, Echinacea purpurea, and Eleutherococcus senticosus extracts in patients with acute upper respiratory tract infection: A comparative, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study. Phytomedicine, 22(13), 1195–1200.

Beedimani, R., & Jeevangi, S. (2015). Evaluation of hepatoprotective activity of Boerhaavia diffusa against carbon tetrachloride-induced liver toxicity in albino rats. International Journal of Basic & Clinical Pharmacology, 4(1), 153.

Begum, Mst. M., Islam, A., Begum, R., Uddin, Md. S., Rahman, Md. S., Alam, S., Akter, W., Das, M., Rahman, Md. S., & Imon, A. H. M. R. (2019). Ethnopharmacological inspections of organic extract of Oroxylum indicum in rat models: A promising natural gift. Evidence-based Complementary and Alternative Medicine, 2019, 1562038.

Behera, G. M., Satish Kumar, B. N., Malay Baidya, M., & Panigrahi, G. H. A. N. S. H. Y. A. M. (2010). Antihyperglycemic, antihyperlipidemic and antioxidant activity of Glinus oppositifolius (L.) Aug. DC. Pharmacologyonline, 3, 915–936.

Bennett, B. C., & Prance, G. T. (2000). Introduced plants in the indigenous pharmacopoeia of Northern South America. Economic Botany, 54(1), 90–102.

Bera, A., & Lodh, C. (2019). Therapeutic evaluation of Cajanus cajan for the management of hepatic disorder in canine. Indian Journal of Canine Practice, 11(1), 005.

Bera, J., & Sourabh, P. (2024). Ethnomedicinal insights into the Fabaceae family in coastal Purba Medinipur and Balasore: A study of traditional plant uses and conservation perspectives. Applied Ecology and Environmental Sciences, 12(3).

Bhar, K., Mondal, S., & Suresh, P. (2019). An eye-catching review of Aegle marmelos L. (Golden Apple). Pharmacognosy Journal, 11(2), 207–224.

Bhargava, C., Thakur, M., & Yadav, S. K. (2011). Effect of Bombax ceiba L. on spermatogenesis, sexual behavior, and erectile function in male rats. Andrologia, 44, 474–478.

Bhattacharya, D., Singha, P. S., Firdaus, S. B., & Ghosh, D. (2023). Medicinal plants in the daily diet of the indigenous people of Bhagabanbasan village: A study in the Paschim Midnapore district of West Bengal. Pharmaceutical and Medical Research, 8(3), 273–278.

Bhattarai, K., Bhattarai, R., Pandey, R. D., Paudel, B., & Bhattarai, H. D. (2024). A comprehensive review of the phytochemical constituents and bioactivities of Ocimum tenuiflorum. The Scientific World Journal, 2024(1).

Bhowmik, A., Khan, L. A., Akhter, M., & Rokeya, B. (2009). Studies on the antidiabetic effects of Mangifera indica stem-barks and leaves on nondiabetic, type 1, and type 2 diabetic model rats. Bangladesh Journal of Pharmacology, 4(2).

Bhowmik, R., Saha, M. R., Rahman, M. A., & Islam, M. A. U. (2014). Ethnomedicinal survey of plants in the Southern District Noakhali, Bangladesh. Bangladesh Pharmaceutical Journal, 17(2), 205–214.

Bhujade, A., & Talmale, S. (2015). In vivo studies on antiarthritic activity of Cissus quadrangularis against adjuvant-induced arthritis. Journal of Clinical & Cellular Immunology, 6(3).

Bhujbal, S. S., Nanda, R., Ganu, G. P., Jadhav, S. W., Dongre, P. R., Choudhary, B., Pokale, D., & Patil, M. J. (2010). Protective effects of icosahydropicenic acid isolated from the roots of Clerodendrum serratum on experimental allergic asthma. Journal of Complementary and Integrative Medicine, 7(1).

Biswas, A., Dey, S., Huang, S., Deng, Y., Birhanie, Z. M., Zhang, J., Akhter, D., Liu, L., & Li, D. (2022). A comprehensive review of C. capsularis and C. olitorius: A source of nutrition, essential phytoconstituents, and pharmacological activities. Antioxidants, 11(7), 1358.

Braun, L. A., Tiralongo, E., Wilkinson, J. M., Spitzer, O., Bailey, M., Poole, S., & Dooley, M. (2010). Perceptions, use, and attitudes of pharmacy customers on complementary medicines and pharmacy practice. BMC Complementary and Alternative Medicine, 10(1).

Calapai, G. (2008). European legislation on herbal medicines: A look into the future. Drug Safety, 31(5), 428–431.

Canales, M., Hernández, T., Caballero, J., Vivar, A. R. de, Avila, G., Duran, A., & Lira, R. (2005). Informant consensus factor and antibacterial activity of medicinal plants used by the people of San Rafael Coxcatlán, Puebla, México. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 97(3), 429–439.

Chaity, F. R., Khatun, M., & Rahman, M. S. (2016). In vitro membrane stabilizing, thrombolytic, and antioxidant potentials of Drynaria quercifolia, a remedial plant of the Garo tribal people of Bangladesh. BMC Complementary and Alternative Medicine, 16(1).

Chauhan, A., & Agarwal, M. (2009). Assessment of the contraceptive efficacy of the aqueous extract of Aegle marmelos leaves in male albino rats. Human Fertility, 12(2), 107–118.

Cheng, C. L., Guo, J. S., Luk, J., & Koo, M. W. L. (2004). The healing effects of centella extract and asiaticoside on acetic acid-induced gastric ulcers in rats. Life Sciences, 74(18), 2237–2249.

Cheng, Q., Lyu, B., Hu, J., Zhang, Z., Huang, Y., & Wang, Z. (2024). Research on the antipruritic active ingredients of Mikania micrantha. Fitoterapia, 174, 105837.

Chew, Y.-L., Khor, M.-A., Xu, Z., Lee, S.-K., Keng, J.-W., Sang, S.-H., Akowuah, G. A., Goh, K. W., Liew, K. B., & Ming, L. C. (2022). Cassia alata, Coriandrum sativum, Curcuma longa, and Azadirachta indica: Food ingredients as complementary and alternative therapies for atopic dermatitis—a comprehensive review. Molecules, 27(17), 5475.

Chibli, L. A., Rodrigues, K. C. M., Gasparetto, C. M., Pinto, N. C. C., Fabri, R. L., Scio, E., Alves, M. S., Del-Vechio-Vieira, G., & Sousa, O. V. (2014). Anti-inflammatory effects of Bryophyllum pinnatum ethanol extract in acute and chronic cutaneous inflammation. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 154(2), 330–338.

Chopade, A. R., & Sayyad, F. J. (2014). Antifibromyalgic activity of standardized extracts of Phyllanthus amarus and Phyllanthus fraternus in acidic saline-induced chronic muscle pain. Biomedicine & Aging Pathology, 4(2), 123–130.

Choudhary, S. K. (2020). Biochemical analysis of Achyranthes aspera used in fever and diabetes in Santal Parganas, Jharkhand. Biospectra, 15(2), 155–158.

Chowdhury, M. S. H., & Koike, M. (2010). Therapeutic use of plants by local communities in and around Rema-Kalenga Wildlife Sanctuary: Implications for protected area management in Bangladesh. Agroforestry Systems, 80(2), 241–257.

Cunningham, A. A. (2001). Applied Ethnobotany; Informa.

Damiyati, S. Y., Pratama, I. S., & Tresnani, G. (2021). In vitro anthelmintic activity of pineapple peel juice (Ananas comosus (L.) Merr.) against Paramphistomum sp. Communications in Science and Technology, 6(1), 49–54.

Danish, M., Altaf, M., Robab, M. I., Shahid, M., Manoharadas, S., Hussain, S. A., & Shaikh, H. (2021). Green synthesized silver nanoparticles mitigate biotic stress induced by Meloidogyne incognita in Trachyspermum ammi (L.) by improving growth, biochemical, and antioxidant enzyme activities. ACS Omega, 6(17), 11389–11403.

Das, C., Ghosh, G., Rath, G., Das, D., Kar, B., Pradhan, D., Rai, V. K., Rajwar, T. K., Halder, J., & Dash, P. (2024). Chemometric profiling and anti-arthritic activity of aerial parts of Glinus oppositifolius (L.) Aug. DC. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 328, 117991.

Das, G., Farhan, M., Sinha, S., Bora, H. K., Singh, W. R., & Meeran, S. M. (2023). Mikania micrantha extract enhances cutaneous wound healing activity through the activation of FAK/Akt/MTOR cell signaling pathway. Injury, 54(8), 110856.

Davaneghi, S., Tarighat-Esfanjani, A., Safaiyan, A., & Fardiazar, Z. (2017). The effects of N-3 fatty acids and Rosa damascena extract on primary dysmenorrhea. Progress in Nutrition, 19, 34–40.

Desireddy, S., Rasineni, K., Bellamkonda, R., & Singareddy, S. (2010). Antihyperglycemic activity of Catharanthus roseus leaf powder in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. Pharmacognosy Research, 2(3), 195.

Devaraj, V. C., Asad, M., & Prasad, S. (2007). Effect of leaves and fruits of Moringa oleifera on gastric and duodenal ulcers. Pharmaceutical Biology, 45(4), 332–338.

Dinda, B., SilSarma, I., Dinda, M., & Rudrapaul, P. (2015). Oroxylum indicum (L.) Kurz, an important Asian traditional medicine: From traditional uses to scientific data for its commercial exploitation. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 161, 255–278.

Dons, T., & Soosairaj, S. (2013). Treatment of jaundice by traditional healthcare system. International Journal of Biology, Pharmacy and Allied Sciences, 2(6), 1373–1378.

Dora, B. B., Gupta, S., Sital, S., & Pastore, A. (2018). Punarnava (Boerhavia diffusa): A promising indigenous herbal drug and its effect on different disease conditions. Research and Reviews: Journal of Herbal Science, 4, 21–24.

Ekor, M. (2013). The growing use of herbal medicines: Issues relating to adverse reactions and challenges in monitoring safety. Frontiers in Pharmacology, 4, 177.

Esakkimuthu, S., Mutheeswaran, S., Arvinth, S., Paulraj, M. P., Pandikumar, P., & Ignacimuthu, S. (2016). Quantitative ethnomedicinal survey of medicinal plants given for cardiometabolic diseases by the non-institutionally trained Siddha practitioners of Tiruvallur District, Tamil Nadu, India. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 186, 329–342.

Esha, R. T., Chowdhury, M. R., Adhikary, S., Haque, A., Acharjee, M., Nurunnabi, M., Khatun, Z., YongKyu, L., & Rahmatullah, M. (2012). Medicinal plants used by tribal medicinal practitioners of three clans of the Chakma tribe residing in Rangamati District, Bangladesh. American-Eurasian Journal of Sustainable Agriculture, 6(2), 74–84.

Eva, S. A., Mouri, T. I., Sheela, S. A., Noshine, M. N., Sultana, F. S., Rahman, T. R., & Rahmatullah, M. R. (2014). Folkloric knowledge of medicinal plants: An account of eight folk herbalists in Comilla district, Bangladesh. American-Eurasian Journal of Sustainable Agriculture, 8(9), 75–82.

FAO. (2009). The state of Food and Agriculture 2009: Livestock in the balance. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations: Rome.

Farooq, A., Amjad, M. S., Ahmad, K., Altaf, M., Umair, M., & Abbasi, A. M. (2019). Ethnomedicinal knowledge of the rural communities of Dhirkot, Azad Jammu and Kashmir, Pakistan. Journal of Ethnobiology and Ethnomedicine, 15(1).

Faruque, M. O., Uddin, S. B., Barlow, J. W., Hu, S., Dong, S., Cai, Q., Li, X., & Hu, X. (2018). Quantitative ethnobotany of medicinal plants used by indigenous communities in the Bandarban district of Bangladesh. Frontiers in Pharmacology, 9.

Fischer, C. E., Ujah, W., Fischer, V. A., & Agaba, E. A. (2021). Fertility potential of Lawsonia inermis on hormone profile and semen analysis in Wistar rat model. Pharmacologyonline, 3, 1642–1662.

Friday, A., Adakole, S., Dickson, N., & Adeniyi, S. (2024). Prophylactic efficacy of aqueous extract of unripe pawpaw (Carica papaya) fruit on hematological and biochemical parameters in induced hyperbilirubinemia Wistar rats. GSC Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 27(2), 23–43.

Funk, V. A., Sussana, A., Stuessy, T. F., & Bayer, R. J. (2009). Systematics, evolution, and biogeography of Compositae. International Association for Plant Taxonomy: Vienna, Australia.

Gohil, K., Patel, J., & Gajjar, A. (2010). Pharmacological review on Centella Asiatica: A potential herbal cure-all. Indian Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 72(5), 546.

Gondi, M., & Prasada Rao, U. J. S. (2015). Ethanol extract of Mango (Mangifera Indica L.) peel inhibits α-amylase and α-glucosidase activities, and ameliorates diabetes-related biochemical parameters in streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rats. Journal of Food Science and Technology, 52(12), 7883–7893.

Guddeti, V., Sambasivarao, P., & Praveen, T. (2012). Effect of Punica granatum Linn ripe fruit extract on stress-modulated sexual behavior in male rats. International Journal of Pharmacology & Biological Sciences, 6(2).

Gupta, S. K., & Bhandari, J. B. (2022). A review on the ecological distribution, antioxidant properties and antimicrobial activity of ethnomedicinal fern Drynaria quercifolia (L.) J. Smith. Environment and Ecology, 40(2), 279–287.

Guria, T., Mondal, A., Singha, T., Singh, J., & Kumar, M. T. (2014). Pharmacological actions and phytoconstituents of Amaranthus spinosus Linn: A review.

Hamedi, S., Arian, A. A., & Farzaei, M. H. (2015). Gastroprotective effect of aqueous stem bark extract of Ziziphus jujuba L. against HCl/ethanol-induced gastric mucosal injury in rats. Journal of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 35(6), 666–670.

Harfiani, E., Suci, R. N., Arsianti, A., Bahtiar, A., & Basah, K. (2017). Functional analysis of Ageratum conyzoides L. (Babandotan) leaves extract on rheumatoid arthritis model rat. Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical and Clinical Research, 10(3), 429.

Heinrich, M., Ankli, A., Frei, B., Weimann, C., & Sticher, O. (1998). Medicinal plants in Mexico: Healers’ consensus and cultural importance. Social Science & Medicine, 47(11), 1859–1871.

Hessah, M. A. (2018). Effect of Moringa oleifera leaves extract on the oxidative stress and gastric mucosal ulcer induced by indomethacin in rats. African Journal of Biotechnology, 17(3), 51–56.

Hossain, M. I., Saiyem, Md. A., Begum, Mst. F., & Begum, Mst. E. A. (2024). Farmers’ motivational factors for medicinal plant production in the southwestern region of Bangladesh. Discover Agriculture, 2(1).

Hossain, Md. S., Islam, M., Jahan, I., & Hasan, Md. K. (2023). Aphanamixis polystachya: Pharmacological benefits, health benefits and other potential benefits. Phytomedicine Plus, 100448.

Hossain, R., Quispe, C., Herrera-Bravo, J., Islam, Md. S., Sarkar, C., Islam, M. T., Martorell, M., Cruz-Martins, N., Al-Harrasi, A., Al-Rawahi, A., Sharifi-Rad, J., Ibrayeva, M., Dastan, S. D., Alshehri, M. M., Calina, D., Cho, W. C. (2021). Lasia spinosa chemical composition and therapeutic potential: A literature-based review. Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity, 1–12.

Hossain, S., Khatun, A., & Miajee, U. (2010). Medicinal plants used by folk medicinal practitioners in three villages of Natore and Rajshahi districts, Bangladesh. American-Eurasian Journal of Sustainable Agriculture, 4(2), 211–218.

Hussain, S. A., Hameed, A., Nasir, F., Wu, Y., Suleria, H. A. R., & Song, Y. (2018). Evaluation of the spermatogenic activity of polyherbal formulation in oligospermic males. BioMed Research International, 2018, 1–10.

Ibrahim, A., Shafie, N. H., Mohd Esa, N., Shafie, S. R., Bahari, H., & Abdullah, M. A. M. (2020). Mikania micrantha extract inhibits HMG-CoA reductase and ACAT2 and ameliorates hypercholesterolemia and lipid peroxidation in high cholesterol-fed rats. Nutrients, 12(10), 3077.

Idm'hand, E., Msanda, F., & Cherifi, K. (2020). Ethnobotanical study and biodiversity of medicinal plants used in the Tarfaya Province, Morocco. Acta Ecologica Sinica, 40(2), 134–144.

Islam, B., Deb, P., & Rahmatullah, M. (2021). Ethnomedicinal survey in two villages of Cumilla district, Bangladesh. Current Research in Complementary & Alternative Medicine, 5(1).

Islam, S., & Uddin, M. Z. (2022). Study of ethnomedicinal plants used by the local people of Raipura Upazila of Narsingdi District. Bangladesh Journal of Plant Taxonomy, 29(1), 137–156.

Jabeen, R., Ali, T., Naeem, M., Hussain, F., Danish, S., Tahani Awad Alahmadi, Mohammad Shahzad Samdani, & Mohammad Javed Ansari. (2023). An insight into biochemical characterization and explorations of antioxidant, antibacterial, cytotoxic, and antidiabetic activities by Trachyspermum ammi nanosuspensions. Frontiers in Bioscience, 28(12), 340–340.

Jaccard, P. (1902). Lois de distribution florale dans la zone alpine. Bulletin Société Vaudoise Sciences Naturelles, 38, 67–130.

Jagetia, G. C. (2021). A review on the medicinal and pharmacological properties of traditional ethnomedicinal plant Sonapatha, Oroxylum indicum. Sinusitis, 5(1), 71–89.

Jha, M., Sharma, V., Nema, N., & Hussain, T. (2009). Effect of the topical application of the extract of Glycosmis pentaphylla on excisional wound model in mice. Pharmacologyonline, 3, 356–360.

Jiang, T., He, F., Han, S., Chen, C., Zhang, Y., & Che, H. (2019). Characterization of CAMP as an anti-allergic functional factor in Chinese jujube (Ziziphus jujuba Mill.). Journal of Functional Foods, 60, 103414.

Kadir, M. F., Bin Sayeed, M. S., Setu, N. I., Mostafa, A., & Mia, M. M. K. (2014). Ethnopharmacological survey of medicinal plants used by traditional health practitioners in Thanchi, Bandarban Hill Tracts, Bangladesh. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 155(1), 495–508.

Kalpana, T., Madhavi, M., Mounika Rani, P., Kavitha, R., Manisha, M., & Kalyani, K. (2018). In-vitro antibacterial and anthelmintic activity of Terminalia chebula, Moringa oleifera, and Allium sativum. International Journal of Advances in Pharmacy and Biotechnology, 4(2), 25–29.

Kapil, M. J., Deka, D., Lahkar, M., Sharma, N., Sarma, D., Kalita, P., & Deka, S. (2021). Formulation, optimization and evaluation of niosomes containing leaf extract of Moringa oleifera and pharmacological screening of the extract against rheumatoid arthritis. Journal of Pharmaceutical Research International, 236–245.

Kaur, A., Behl, T., Makkar, R., & Goyal, A. (2019). Effect of ethanolic extract of Cuscuta reflexa on high fat diet-induced obesity in Wistar rats. Obesity Medicine, 14, 100082.

Kayani, S., Ahmad, M., Sultana, S., Khan Shinwari, Z., Zafar, M., Yaseen, G., Hussain, M., Bibi, T. (2015). Ethnobotany of medicinal plants among the communities of alpine and sub-alpine regions of Pakistan. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 164, 186–202.

Kejing, A., Wu, J., Xiao, H.-W., Hu, T.-G., Yu, Y., Yang, W., Xiao, G., & Qian, M. C. (2022). Effect of various drying methods on the physicochemical characterizations, antioxidant activities, and hypoglycemic activities of lychee (Litchi chinensis Sonn.) pulp polysaccharides. International Journal of Biological Macromolecules, 220, 510–519.

Kelly, K. (2009). History of medicine. New York: Facts on File, pp. 29–50.

Khamchan, A., Paseephol, T., & Hanchang, W. (2018). Protective effect of wax apple (Syzygium samarangense (Blume) Merr. & L.M. Perry) against streptozotocin-induced pancreatic β-cell damage in diabetic rats. Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy, 108, 634–645.

Khan, A. M., El-Kersh, D. M., Islam, M. S., Ara Khan, S., Kamli, H., Sarkar, C., Bhuia, M. S., Islam, T., Chandra Shill, M., Gobe, G. C., Sönmez Gürer, E., Setzer, W. N., Sharifi-Rad, J., & Torequl Islam, M. (2023). Mikania micrantha Kunth: An ethnopharmacological treasure trove of therapeutic potential. Chemistry & Biodiversity, 20(11), e202300392.

Khandare, M. S. (2016). Mango (Mangifera indica Linn) a medicinal and holy plant. Journal of Medicinal Plants Studies, 4(4), 44–46.

Khatun, A., Imam, M. Z., & Rana, M. S. (2015). Antinociceptive effect of methanol extract of leaves of Persicaria hydropiper in mice. BMC Complementary and Alternative Medicine, 15(1).

Khatun, R., Rashid, M., Alam, A. K., Lee, Y.-I., & Rahman, A. A. (2020). Evaluation of comparative phenolic contents and antioxidant activity of Mikania species available in Bangladesh. Frontiers in Science, 10(1), 1–6.

Koohpayeh, S. A., Hosseini, M., Nasiri, M., & Rezaei, M. (2021). Effects of Rosa damascena (Damask rose) on menstruation-related pain, headache, fatigue, anxiety, and bloating: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Journal of Education and Health Promotion, 10, 272.

Korani, M., & Jamshidi, M. (2020). The effect of aqueous extract of Trachyspermum ammi seeds and ibuprofen on inflammatory gene expression in the cartilage tissue of rats with collagen-induced arthritis. Journal of Inflammation Research, 13, 133–139.

Kotta, J. C., Lestari, A. B. S., Candrasari, D. S., & Hariono, M. (2020). Medicinal effect, in silico bioactivity prediction, and pharmaceutical formulation of Ageratum conyzoides L.: A review. Scientifica, 2020, 1–12.

Kumar, K. S., Sabu, V., Sindhu, G., Rauf, A. A., & Helen, A. (2018). Isolation, identification and characterization of apigenin from Justicia gendarussa and its anti-inflammatory activity. International Immunopharmacology, 59, 157–167.

Kumar, M., Radha, Devi, H., Prakash, S., Rathore, S., Thakur, M., Puri, S., Pundir, A., Bangar, S. P., Changan, S., Ilakiya, T., Samota, M. K., Damale, R. D., Singh, S., Berwal, M. K., Dhumal, S., Bhoite, A. G., Sharma, A., Senapathy, M., Bhushan, B. (2021). Ethnomedicinal plants used in the health care system: Survey of the mid hills of Solan district, Himachal Pradesh, India. Plants, 10(9), 1842.

Kumar, V., Mahdi, F., Khanna, A. K., Singh, R., Chander, R., Saxena, J. K., Mahdi, A. A., & Singh, R. K. (2012). Antidyslipidemic and antioxidant activities of Hibiscus rosa sinensis root extract in alloxan induced diabetic rats. Indian Journal of Clinical Biochemistry, 28(1), 46–50.

Kumari, R., Rathi, B., Rani, A., & Bhatnagar, S. (2013). Rauvolfia serpentina L. Benth. ex Kurz.: phytochemical, pharmacological and therapeutic aspects. Int J Pharm Sci Rev Res, 23(2), 348–355.

Kurup, V. P., & Barrios, C. S. (2008). Immunomodulatory effects of curcumin in allergy. Molecular Nutrition & Food Research, 52(9), 1031–1039.

Kusnul, Z., Yektiningsij, E., & Rahayu, D. (2023). Consumption of herbal teas decrease health problems (fatigue, cough and throat problems, skin problems, and stomatitis). International Journal of Scholarly Research in Multidisciplinary Studies, 2(2), 058–065.

Leatherdale, B. A., Panesar, R. K., Singh, G., Atkins, T. W., Bailey, C. J., & Bignell, A. H. (1981). Improvement in glucose tolerance due to Momordica charantia (Karela). BMJ, 282(6279), 1823–1824.

Leelaveni, A., Dash, S., Behera, S. K., Das, S., & Mandal, A. K. (2018). Ethno medicinal study in North West Ganjam, Odisha. Int. J. Innov. Sci. Res, 7, 1167–1174.

Lu, N., Yang, Y., Li, X., Li, J., Cheng, J., Lv, Z., & Du, Y. (2021). The protective action of piperlongumine against mycobacterial pulmonary tuberculosis in its mitigation of inflammation and macrophage infiltration in male BALB/c mice. Journal of Veterinary Research, 65(4), 431–440.

Mahajan, T. S., & Pandey, O. P. (2015). Effect of electric and magnetic treatments on germination of bitter gourd (Momordica charantia) seed. International Journal of Agriculture and Biology, 17(2), 351–356.

Maisha, M. H., Jui, Z. S., & Begum, N. (2024). Ethnomedicinal and ethnobotanical uses of aquatic flora by local inhabitants of Gopalganj District, Bangladesh. Journal of Medicinal Plants Studies, 12(1), 157–165.

Mani, K., Aiyalu, R., Thiruvengadarajan, V. S., Arivukkarasu, R., & Suriyapriya, K. (2023). A comprehensive review of Drynaria quercifolia (L.) J. Sm. Pharmacognosy Reviews, 17(34), 332–337.

Mansour, M. E., Sherif, M. E., Ismail, Y. M., Abd Elhameed, A., & Bassouiney, S. A. (2021). Evaluation of the possible effect of methotrexate, fluoxetine, and Moringa oleifera in rat model of rheumatoid arthritis. Benha Medical Journal.

Martin, G. J. (1995). Ethnobotany: A Methods Manual. Chapman & Hall: London; New York.

Matin, A., Khan, M. A., Ashraf, M., & Quresh, R. A. (2001). Traditional use of herbs, shrubs and trees of Shogran Valley, Mansehra, Pakistan. Pakistan Journal of Biological Sciences, 4(9), 1101–1107.

Mawla, F., Khatoon, S., Rehana, F., Jahan, S., Shelley, M. M. R., Hossain, S., & Rahmatullah, M. (2012). Ethnomedicinal plants of folk medicinal practitioners in four villages of Natore and Rajshahi Districts, Bangladesh. American-Eurasian Journal of Sustainable Agriculture, 6, 406–416.

Mazumder, T. Z., Sharma, M. K., & Lal, M. (2022). Phytochemical properties of some important medicinal plants of north-east India: a brief review. J Pharm Innov, 11, 167–175.

Mehta, R. J. R. (2014). Ethno-medicinal plants used for treatment of gynecological disorders by tribal of Shivpuri district of Madhya Pradesh.

Memarzia, A., Saadat, S., Behrouz, S., & Boskabady, M. H. (2021). Curcuma longa and curcumin affect respiratory and allergic disorders, experimental and clinical evidence: A comprehensive and updated review. BioFactors.

Meryem Seyda Erbay & Aynur Sari. (2018). Plants used in traditional treatment against hemorrhoids in Turkey. MARMARA PHARMACEUTICAL JOURNAL, 22(2), 110–132.

Mia, M. M. U. K., Kadir, M. F., Hossan, M. S., & Rahmatullah, M. (2009). Medicinal plants of the Garo tribe inhabiting the Madhupur forest region of Bangladesh. American Eurasian Journal of Sustainable Agriculture, 3(2), 165–171.

Mikulska, P., Malinowska, M., Ignacyk, M., Szustowski, P., Nowak, J., Pesta, K., & Cielecka-Piontek, J. (2023). Ashwagandha (Withania somnifera)—Current research on the health-promoting activities: A narrative review. Pharmaceutics, 15(4), 1057.

Mishra, D. K., Singh, S., & Singh, P. (2024). Therapeutic benefits and processing of marigold (Tagetes species): A review. Indian Journal of Health Care, Medical & Pharmacy Practice, 5(1), 148–166.

Mishra, S., Aeri, V., Gaur, P. K., & Jachak, S. M. (2014). Phytochemical, therapeutic, and ethnopharmacological overview for a traditionally important herb: Boerhavia diffusa Linn. BioMed Research International, 2014, 1–19.

Mishra, S., Beladiya, J., & Mehta, A. (2023). Evaluation of the antioxidant, antihyperglycemic and hypolipidemic potential of Alstonia scholaris leaves extracts in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. Journal of Natural Remedies, 499–511.

Mohyuddin, A., Kurniawan, T. A., Khan, Z. U. D., Nadeem, S., Javed, M., Dera, A. A., Saeed, S. (2022). Comparative insights into the antimicrobial, antioxidant, and nutritional potential of the Solanum nigrum complex. Processes, 10(8), 1455.

Mozaffarpur, S. A., Naseri, M., Esmaeilidooki, M. R., Kamalinejad, M., & Bijani, A. (2012). The effect of Cassia fistula emulsion on pediatric functional constipation in comparison with mineral oil: A randomized, clinical trial. DARU Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 20(1).

Muhammad, N., Ullah, S., Rauf, A., Muhammad Atif, Patel, S., Muhammad Israr, Akbar, S., Shehzad, O., Saeed, M., Saud Bawazeer, Md. Sahab Uddin, Derkho, M., Mohammad Ali Shariati, & Mubarak, M. S. (2021). Evaluation of the anti-diarrheal effects of the whole plant extracts of Cuscuta reflexa Roxb in pigeons. Toxicology Reports, 8, 395–404.

Muhammed Haneefa Shoja, Reddy, N. D., Nayak, P. G., Srinivasan, K. N., & Rao, R. (2015). Glycosmis pentaphylla (Retz.) DC arrests cell cycle and induces apoptosis via caspase-3/7 activation in breast cancer cells. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 168, 50–60.

Munasinghe, M. A. A. K., Abeysena, C., Yaddehige, I. S., Vidanapathirana, T., & Piyumal, K. P. B. (2011). Blood sugar lowering effect of Coccinia grandis (L.) J. Voigt: Path for a new drug for diabetes mellitus. Experimental Diabetes Research, 2011, 1–4.

Mutiarawati, D. T. (2020). In vitro anthelmintic activity of Acalypha indica leaves extracts. Health Notions, 4(3), 94–99.

Nagi, K., Roy, B., & Yadav, A. K. (2022). In vitro cestocidal activity of Persicaria hydropiper (L.) Delarbre, a traditionally used anthelmintic plant in India. Journal of Parasitic Diseases.

Naik, S. R., Bhagat, S., Shah, P. D., Tare, A. A., Ingawale, D., & Wadekar, R. R. (2013). Evaluation of anti-allergic and anti-anaphylactic activity of ethanolic extract of Zizyphus jujuba fruits in rodents. Revista Brasileira de Farmacognosia, 23(5), 811–818.

Nammi, S., Boini, M. K., Lodagala, S. D., & Behara, R. B. S. (2003). The juice of fresh leaves of Catharanthus roseus Linn. reduces blood glucose in normal and alloxan diabetic rabbits. BMC Complementary and Alternative Medicine, 3(1).

Nayak, P., & Thirunavoukkarasu, M. (2016). A review of the plant Boerhaavia diffusa: Its chemistry, pharmacology and therapeutical potential. The Journal of Phytopharmacology, 5(2), 83–92.

Newing, H., Eagle, C., Puri, R. K., & Watson, C. W. (2011). Conducting research in conservation (Vol. 775). Oxfordshire: Routledge.

Ngbolua, K. T. N., Mbadiko, C. M., Matondo, A., Bongo, G. N., Inkoto, C. L., Gbolo, B. Z., & Mpiana, P. T. (2020). Review on ethnobotany, virucidal activity, phytochemistry, and toxicology of Solanum genus: Potential bio-resources for the therapeutic management of COVID-19. European Journal of Nutrition & Food Safety, 12(7), 35–48.

None Nuratu Adejumoke Okwara, Uzoma, C., Perpetua, N., Favour, N., Ekenedirichukwu, J. (2024). Antimicrobial effect of aqueous extracts of Garcinia kola, Cymbopogan citratus, and Bryophyllium pinnatum against sputum bacterial isolates from human subjects. GSC Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 28(1), 083-100.

Oguntibeju, O., Aboua, Y., & Goboza, M. (2019). Vindoline—a natural product from Catharanthus roseus reduces hyperlipidemia and renal pathophysiology in experimental type 2 diabetes. Biomedicines, 7(3), 59.

Ozoluaa, R. I., Eboka, C. J., Durua, C. N., & Uwayaa, D. O. (2010). Effects of aqueous leaf extract of Bryophyllum pinnatum on guinea pig tracheal ring contractility. Nigerian Journal of Physiological Sciences, 25(2), 149-157.

Panchawat, S. (2012). Ficus religiosa Linn. (Peepal): A phyto-pharmacological review. International Journal of Pharmaceutical and Chemical Sciences, 1(1), 435-446.

Patel, J. R., Tripathi, P., Sharma, V., Chauhan, N. S., & Dixit, V. K. (2011). Phyllanthus amarus: Ethnomedicinal uses, phytochemistry and pharmacology: A review. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 138(2), 286–313.

Patel, K., Singh, R. B., & Patel, D. K. (2013). Medicinal significance, pharmacological activities, and analytical aspects of solasodine: A concise report of current scientific literature. Journal of Acute Disease, 2(2), 92–98.

Patil, R. H., Patil, M. P., & Maheshwari, V. L. (2023). Biological and pharmacological properties of Apocynaceae members. In Apocynaceae Plants: Ethnobotany, Phytochemistry, Bioactivity and Biotechnological Advances (pp. 105–117). Springer Nature Singapore: Singapore.

Patrício, K. P., Minato, A. C. D. S., Brolio, A. F., Lopes, M. A., Barros, G. R. D., Moraes, V., & Barbosa, G. C. (2022). Medicinal plant use in primary health care: An integrative review. Ciência & Saúde Coletiva, 27, 677-686.

Peter, E. L., Kasali, F. M., Deyno, S., Mtewa, A., Nagendrappa, P. B., Tolo, C. U., Ogwang, P. E., & Sesaazi, D. (2019). Momordica charantia L. lowers elevated glycaemia in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients: Systematic review and meta-analysis. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 231, 311–324.

Peters, D. E., Jumbo, S. N., & Ogunka-Nnoka, C. U. (2021). Evaluation of possible laxative potential of aqueous extract and saponin fraction of Centella asiatica leaves in loperamide-induced constipated Wistar rats. Journal of Biochemistry International, 8(1), 104-110.

Porwal, A., Gandhi, P., Mokashi-Bhalerao, N., Borkar, N., Khobragade, K., Porwal, D. A., Gandhi, P., Mokashi-Bhalerao, N., Sr, N. E. B., & Khobragade, K. (2024). Efficacy and safety of oral Euphorbia prostrata tablet and topical cream in the management of hemorrhoids during pregnancy: Results from a prospective multicenter study. Cureus, 16(2).

Prajapati, A. (2024). A study on different pharmacological activity of Bhumyamlaki (Phyllanthus amarus Schum and Phyllanthus niruri L.): An important medicinal plant of India.

Prasanna, G., & Anuradha, R. (2016). A comprehensive review on phytopharmacological activities of Drynaria quercifolia L. Int J Pharmacogn Phytochem Res, 8(8), 1304-1313.

Prasanna, G., Devi, R., & Ishwarya, G. (2019). In vitro evaluation of antidiabetic and cytotoxicity potentials of the rhizome extract of Drynaria quercifolia (L.) J. Smith. Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical and Clinical Research, 72–76.

Priya, F. J., Rose, A. L., Vidhya, S., Arputharaj, A., Akshana, S., & Fathima, U. F. R. (2021). A new frontier drug development in nanomedicine and its anti-urolithiatic activity of Kalanchoe pinnata. Oriental Journal of Chemistry, 37(2), 444–449.

Qamar, N., P, J., & Bhatti, A. (2020). Toxicological and anti-rheumatic potential of Trachyspermum ammi derived biogenic selenium nanoparticles in arthritic Balb/c mice. International Journal of Nanomedicine, 15, 3497-3509.

Quinlan, M. B. (2011). Ethnomedicine. A Companion to Medical Anthropology, 379-403.

raditional medicine: growing needs and potential. World Health Organization. www.who.int.

Raghuvanshi, D., Dhalaria, R., Sharma, A., Kumar, D., Kumar, H., Valis, M., Kuca, K., Verma, R., & Puri, S. (2021). Ethnomedicinal plants traditionally used for the treatment of jaundice (icterus) in Himachal Pradesh in Western Himalaya—a review. Plants, 10(2), 232.

Rahman, A. H. M. M. (2015). Ethnomedicinal survey of angiosperm plants used by Santal tribe of Joypurhat District, Bangladesh. International Journal of Advanced Research, 3(5), 990-1001.

Rahman, M. A. (1970). Indigenous knowledge of herbal medicines in Bangladesh. 3. Treatment of skin diseases by tribal communities of the Hill Tracts Districts. Bangladesh Journal of Botany, 39(2), 169–177.

Rahmatullah, M., Mollik, M. A. H., Azam, A. T. M. A., Islam, M. R., Chowdhury, M. A. M., Jahan, R., ... & Rahman, T. (2009). Ethnobotanical survey of the Santal tribe residing in Thakurgaon District, Bangladesh. American Eurasian Journal of Sustainable Agriculture, 3(4), 889-898.

Rahmatullah, M., Rahman, A., Uddin, F., Hasan, M., Khatun, A., Bashar, A. A., & Jahan, R. (2011). An ethnomedicinal survey conducted amongst folk medicinal practitioners in the two southern districts of Noakhali and Feni, Bangladesh. Advances in Natural and Applied Sciences, 5(1), 115–132.

Rajan Logesh, Das, N., Gobi Sellappan, Piesik, D., & Mondal, A. (2023). Unripe fruits of Litchi chinensis (Gaertn.) Sonn.: An overview of its toxicity. Annales Pharmaceutiques Françaises, 81(6), 925–934.

Rajeev, S. R. P. (2020). Effect of “Sittamatti (Sida cordifolia Linn.) Kudineer (decoction)” in respiratory complaint - cough. International Journal of Research -GRANTHAALAYAH, 8(8), 24–36.

Rao, P. K., Hasan, S. S., Bhellum, B. L., & Manhas, R. K. (2015). Ethnomedicinal plants of Kathua District, J&K, India. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 171, 12–27.

Rashied, R. M. H., Abdelfattah, M. A. O., El-Beshbishy, H. A., ElShazly, A. M., Mahmoud, M. F., & Sobeh, M. (2022). Syzygium samarangense leaf extract exhibits distinct antidiabetic activities: Evidences from in silico and in vivo studies. Arabian Journal of Chemistry, 15(6), 103822.

Raskin, I., & Ripoll, C. (2004). Can an apple a day keep the doctor away? Current Pharmaceutical Design, 10(27), 3419–3429.

Rawat, H., Verma, Y., Ayesha, N. S., Negi, N., Pant, H. C., Mishra, A., ... & Gaurav, N. (2021). Nyctanthes arbor-tristis: A traditional herbal plant with miraculous potential in medicine. International Journal of Botany Studies, 6, 427-440.

Razzak, A. (2020). Pharmacological and phytochemical profile of Trachyspermum ammi: Evidence from the traditional medicine and recent research. International Journal of Unani and Integrative Medicine, 4(3), 19–23.

Resurreccion-Magno, M. H. C., Villaseñor, I. M., Harada, N., & Monde, K. (2005). Antihyperglycaemic flavonoids from Syzygium samarangense (Blume) Merr. and Perry. Phytotherapy Research, 19(3), 246–251.

Rodríguez-González, S., Gutiérrez-Ruíz, I. M., Pérez-Ramírez, I. F., Mora, O., Ramos-Gomez, M., & Reynoso-Camacho, R. (2017). Mechanisms related to the anti-diabetic properties of mango (Mangifera indica L.) juice by-product. Journal of Functional Foods, 37, 190–199.

Rohani, S., Afrooz, T., Sarder, M. S., Tuti, M. K., Jannat, K., & Rahmatullah, M. (2018). Rhynchostylis retusa (L.) Blume: A potential plant to cure paralysis. J Med Plants Stud, 6(4), 20-21.

Roshan, N., Rupkala Thapa, None, & Kumar, M. (2023). Evaluation of anti-diabetic activity of Justicia adhatoda (Linn.) leaves in diabetic Wistar rats. Journal of Universal College of Medical Sciences, 11(01), 50–54.

Ruth, O. N., Unathi, K., Nomali, N., & Chinsamy, M. (2021). Underutilization versus nutritional-nutraceutical potential of the Amaranthus food plant: A mini-review. Applied Sciences, 11(15), 6879.

Sachdewa, A., & Khemani, L. D. (2003). Effect of Hibiscus rosa sinensis Linn. ethanol flower extract on blood glucose and lipid profile in streptozotocin induced diabetes in rats. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 89(1), 61–66.

Sadasivan, S., Latha, P. G., Sasikumar, J. M., Rajashekaran, S., Shyamal, S., & Shine, V. J. (2006). Hepatoprotective studies on Hedyotis corymbosa (L.) Lam. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 106(2), 245–249.

Saha, M. R., Ul Bari, F. M. S. N., Rahman, M. A., & Islam, M. A. (2012). In vitro cytotoxic and anthelmintic activities of Leonurus sibiricus L.. Journal of Scientific Research, 4(3), 721–727.

Sahu, S. K., Das, D., Tripathy, N. K., Dinda, S. C., & Kumar, S. (2012). Evaluation of hypoglycemic activity of Mollugo pentaphylla and Glinus oppositifolius (L).

Salami, E. O., Ozolua, R. I., Okpo, S. O., Eze, G. I., & Uwaya, D. O. (2013). Studies on the anti-asthmatic and antitussive properties of aqueous leaf extract of Bryophyllum pinnatum in rodent species. Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Medicine, 6(6), 421–425.

Samantha, R., Weerasinghe Shanika, Tarannum Fatema, & Walters Keisha, B. (2023). Inhibition and dissolution of calcium oxalate crystals and kidney stones by the extract of Kalanchoe pinnata. Journal of Medicinal Plant Research, 17(6), 201–217.

Sepehr, F., Shirafkan, H., Behzad, C., Memariani, Z., & Mozaffarpur, S. A. (2022). The effect of Cassia fistula L. syrup in geriatrics constipation in comparison with lactulose: A randomized clinical trial. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 297, 115466.

Shankara, B. E. R., YL, R., Rajan, S. S., SA, R., & BL, D. (2014). Evaluating the anthelmintic potential of leaf gall extracts of Terminalia chebula (Gaertn.) Retz. (Combretaceae). Journal of Young Pharmacists, 6(3), 20–23.

Sharma, P., Rani, S., Ojha, S. N., Sood, S. K., & Rana, J. C. (2014). Indian herbal medicine as hepatoprotective and hepatocurative: A review of scientific evidence. Life Sciences Leaflets, 50, 61–70.

Sharma, S., Singh, O., Kumar, S., BK, A., & Jayswal, A. (2022). Topically to minimize the Ficus religiosa powder as a treatment of gonorrhea.

Shen, S.-C., & Chang, W.-C. (2013). Hypotriglyceridemic and hypoglycemic effects of vescalagin from pink wax apple [Syzygium samarangense (Blume) Merrill and Perry cv. Pink] in high-fructose diet-induced diabetic rats. Food Chemistry, 136(2), 858–863.

Siddiqui, S. A., Rahman, A., Rahman, M. M., Fazle, M., Rouf, S., Ali, M., Al-Hemaid, F. M. A., & Farah, M. A. (2018). Evaluation of anti-nociceptive, anti-inflammatory and antipyretic potential of Mikania cordata (Burm. F.) Robinson in experimental animal model. Saudi Journal of Biological Sciences, 25(6), 1049–1055.

Singer, M., & Erickson, P. I., Eds. (2011). A Companion to Medical Anthropology. Wiley-Blackwell: Oxford, UK.

Singh, D., Singh, B., & Goel, R. K. (2011). Traditional uses, phytochemistry and pharmacology of Ficus religiosa: A review. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 134(3), 565–583.

Singh, S., Kumar, S., Singh, S., Mishra, C., Tripathi, D., & Verma, V. S. K. (2021). Estrogenic effect of Asparagus racemosus, Cissus quadrangularis, Punica granatum, and Pueraria tuberosa in post-menopausal syndrome. Pharmacognosy Research, 13(4), 238–245.

Sirama, V., Kokwaro, J., Owuor, B., & Yusuf, A. (2014). In-vitro anthelmintic bioactivity study of Eclipta prostrata L. (whole plant) using adult Haemonchus contortus worms: A case study of Migori County, Kenya. IOSR Journal of Pharmacy and Biological Sciences, 9(6), 45–53.

Sobia, H. N., Khan, S., & Nadeem, F. (2018). Use of malabar nut (Justicia adhatoda L.) from traditional medicine to current pharmacopeia–A review study. Int J Chem Biochem Sci, 13, 46-51.

Srivastava, V., Mubeen, S., Semwal, B. C., & Misra, V. (2012). Biological activities of Alocasia macrorrhiza: A review. Sciences, 2(01).

Su, C., Qi, B., Wang, J., Ding, N., Wu, Y., Shi, X.-P., Zhu, Z.-X., Liu, X., Wang, X.-H., Zheng, J., Tu, P.-F., Shi, S.-P. (2018). Megastigmane glycosides from Urena lobata. Fitoterapia, 127, 123–128.

Sumantri, I. B., Ismayadi, & Mustanti, L. F. (2021). The potency of wound healing of nanogel-containing Mikania micrantha leaves extract in hyperglycemic rats. Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology, 9(5), 339–346.

Suprianto, S., Febriady, A., & Syafitri, M. V. (2023). Effectiveness testing of the combination of ethanol extract of red ginger (Zingiber officinale var. rubrum) and turmeric (Curcuma domestica Val.) as antibacterial on bacterial growth Escherichia coli.

Sutradhar, R.K., Rahman, A.K.M.M., Ahmad, M., Chandra Bachar, S., Saha, A., & Guha, S.K. (2006). Bioactive alkaloid from Sida cordifolia Linn. with analgesic and anti-inflammatory activities. Iranian Journal of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, 5(2), 175-178.

Swaroop, A., Bagchi, M., Moriyama, H., & Bagchi, D. (2018). Health benefits of mango (Mangifera indica L.) and mangiferin. Japan Journal of Medicine, 1(2), 149-154.

Tardío, J., & Pardo-de-Santayana, M. (2008). Cultural importance indices: A comparative analysis based on the useful wild plants of Southern Cantabria (Northern Spain). Economic Botany, 62(1), 24–39.

Tekuri, S.K., Pasupuleti, S.K., Konidala, K.K., Amuru, S.R., Bassaiahgari, P., & Pabbaraju, N. (2019). Phytochemical and pharmacological activities of Solanum surattense Burm. F.–A review. Journal of Applied Pharmaceutical Science, 9(3), 126–136.

Thomas, E., Vandebroek, I., Sanca, S., & Van Damme, P. (2009). Cultural significance of medicinal plant families and species among Quechua farmers in Apillapampa, Bolivia. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 122(1), 60–67.

Timalsina, D., & Devkota, H. P. (2021). Eclipta prostrata (L.) L. (Asteraceae): Ethnomedicinal uses, chemical constituents, and biological activities. Biomolecules, 11(11), 1738.

Trotter, R. J., & Logan, M. L. (2019). Informant Consensus: A New Approach for Identifying Potentially Effective Medicinal Plants. In Routledge eBooks, 91–112.

Umair, M., Altaf, M., Bussmann, R. W., & Abbasi, A. M. (2019). Ethnomedicinal uses of the local flora in Chenab Riverine Area, Punjab Province, Pakistan. Journal of Ethnobiology and Ethnomedicine, 15(1).

Vasudeva, N., & Sharma, S. K. (2006). Post-coital antifertility activity of Achyranthes aspera Linn. root. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 107(2), 179–181.

Waisundara, V. Y., Watawana, M. I., & Jayawardena, N. (2015). Costus speciosus and Coccinia grandis: Traditional medicinal remedies for diabetes. South African Journal of Botany, 98, 1–5.

Wannasarit, S., Mahattanadul, S., Issarachot, O., Puttarak, P., & Wiwattanapatapee, R. (2020). Raft-forming gastro-retentive formulations based on Centella asiatica extract-solid dispersions for gastric ulcer treatment. European Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 143, 105204.

Warrier, R. R., Priya, S. M., & Kalaiselvi, R. (2021). Gmelina arborea– an indigenous timber species of India with high medicinal value: A review on its pharmacology, pharmacognosy, and phytochemistry. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 267, 113593.

WHO. (2023). Traditional medicine has a long history of contributing to conventional medicine and continues to hold promise. World Health Organization. https://www.who.int/news-room/feature-stories/detail/traditional-medicine-has-a-long-history-of-contributing-to-conventional-medicine-and-continues-to-hold-promise.

Xiang, J.-Y., Chi, Y.-Y., Han, J.-X., Kong, P., Liang, Z., Wang, D., Xiang, H., & Xie, Q. (2022). Litchi chinensis seed prevents obesity and modulates the gut microbiota and mycobiota compositions in high-fat diet-induced obese zebrafish. Food & Function, 13(5), 2832–2845.

Yadav, N. K., & Yadav, R. (2023). Medicinal effects, phytochemistry, pharmacology of Euphorbia prostrata and promising molecular mechanisms. Chinese Journal of Integrative Medicine.

Yadav, V., Krishnan, A., & Vohora, D. (2020). A systematic review on Piper longum L.: Bridging traditional knowledge and pharmacological evidence for future translational research. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 247, 112255.

Zakaria, Z. A., Abdul Ghani, Z. D. F., Raden Mohd. Nor, R. N. S., Gopalan, H. K., Sulaiman, Mohd. R., Mat Jais, A. M., Somchit, M. N., Kader, A. A., & Ripin, J. (2008). Antinociceptive, anti-inflammatory, and antipyretic properties of an aqueous extract of Dicranopteris linearis leaves in experimental animal models. Journal of Natural Medicines, 62(2), 179–187.

Zia Uddin, A. (2009). Encyclopedia of Flora and Fauna of Bangladesh.