This study highlights RNA therapeutics’ transformative potential, bridging gene-level precision with clinical reality to redefine future personalized medicine.

Combining biomaterial scaffolds with nucleic acid vectors enhances safety, delivery efficiency, and controlled release for regenerative medicine applications.

Dose-optimized iron oxide nanoparticles may reinforce tomato's antioxidant defenses, offering a promising, low-input route to drought resilience.

Electrochemical heavy-metal sensors achieve trace-level sensitivity, but fouling, organic-matter binding and unvalidated algorithms still block dependable long-term field water monitoring.

Microfluidic continuous-flow manufacturing can turn theranostic liposomes from bespoke laboratory preparations into reproducible, scalable, GMP-ready products fit for clinical trials.

Organoid-based screening exposes nano–bio behaviour that two-dimensional culture hides, making theranostic nanomedicine selection patient-specific, heterogeneity-aware and clinically translatable.

Corona engineering converts nanocarrier surface chemistry into a controllable determinant of circulation time, hepatic escape and tumour delivery.

Glucose-responsive nanogels can autonomously sense hyperglycemia and release insulin proportionally, offering a needle-sparing route toward hypoglycemia-free, self-regulated diabetes care.

Treating light as a programmable reagent lets chemists sculpt nanocrystal shape, size and handedness with spatial, spectral and temporal precision.

This review explains why most nanomedicines fail clinically and outlines integrated biological, manufacturing and regulatory strategies to accelerate patient access.

Integrating clinical, toxicological, ethical, and regulatory evidence, this review shows nanomedicine's benefits depend on safety-by-design, harmonised regulation, and equitable access.

Patient-derived organoids expose subclone-specific nanoparticle delivery that conventional models conceal, redirecting theranostic design toward the cells driving colorectal cancer relapse.

Integrating diagnostic, therapeutic and regenerative nanotechnologies clarifies which platforms are clinically ready and which translational barriers demand coordinated, standardised research.

Integrating smart nanocarriers, quantum sensing and digital twins could personalise therapy, but validation, manufacturing and regulation must mature first.

Counting individual nanoparticle collisions, coupled with programmable CRISPR chemistry, could bring attomolar molecular diagnosis from specialist laboratories toward clinical use.

Reframing nanocarrier design around immune recognition—corona control, stealth beyond PEG, CD47 self-signalling, and transcytosis—enables rational, clinically translatable targeted delivery.

Smart nanomaterials unite sensing, targeted therapy and AI-guided monitoring, but standardized safety testing and scalable manufacture must precede clinical adoption.

Edible plant nanovesicles offer biocompatible, gut-stable, dual-acting oral carriers that target colonic inflammation while minimizing systemic toxicity in IBD.

Inhalable nanotheranostics unite macrophage-targeted drug delivery, real-time lesion imaging, and host-directed immunity to confront multidrug-resistant tuberculosis beyond conventional antibiotics.

Ultrasound-activated sonodynamic nanoparticles enable non-invasive, image-guided, immune-sensitizing destruction of deep-seated hepatocellular carcinoma beyond the reach of light.

Hybrid scanning electrochemical probes and antifouling bio-interfaces resolve living cellular chemistry locally, yet reproducible fabrication and clinical validation remain unresolved.Pages: 1-8

Nanoscale carriers unify imaging, gene editing, and patient-specific targeting, converting fragmented preclinical promise into reproducible, scalable, clinically translatable precision therapeutics.

Microfluidic continuous-flow manufacturing offers a reproducible, scalable, GMP-ready route to theranostic liposomes with precise, single-step control over critical quality attributes.

Built-in imaging tags turn lymph-node–targeted nanovaccines into trackable, see-and-correct theranostics that quantitatively link nodal delivery to downstream antitumor immunity.