Abstract

Background: Diabetes mellitus, particularly type 2, presents a growing global health challenge, with an estimated 700 million people expected to be affected by 2045. The disease is characterized by insulin resistance and impaired insulin secretion, necessitating effective treatments. This study aimed to explore the hypoglycemic mechanisms of Glykokar, a herbal formulation, in rats with alloxan-induced diabetes. The objective of this study was to investigate the hypoglycemic mechanisms of Glykokar, a herbal formulation. Methods: Eighteen rats with alloxan-induced diabetes were divided into groups receiving Glykokar at doses of 50 mg/kg or 100 mg/kg, and a control group receiving saline. The study measured the effects of Glykokar on C-peptide levels, glycogen content in liver and muscle, and the activity of hexokinase and phosphorylase enzymes over 7 and 14 days. Results: Results demonstrated that Glykokar significantly increased C-peptide levels, with the 100 mg/kg dose showing the greatest effect, enhancing C-peptide by 87.5% on day 14 compared to controls. Glycogen content in liver and muscle tissues was also elevated, particularly at the 100 mg/kg dose, which increased liver glycogen by 86% and muscle glycogen by 50%. Enzyme activity studies revealed that Glykokar reduced phosphorylase activity in diabetic muscle tissue and significantly boosted hexokinase and glucokinase activities, with the highest effects seen at the 100 mg/kg dose. Conclusion: The findings suggest that Glykokar’s hypoglycemic action is mediated through enhanced glucose metabolism in tissues, driven by increased enzymatic activity and glycogen storage. This study provides evidence for the potential of Glykokar as a therapeutic agent in managing hyperglycemia by improving glucose utilization and insulin secretion.

Keywords: Glykokar, type 2 diabetes, C-peptide, glycogen, hexokinase, phosphorylase, insulin, hyperglycemia.