Microbial Bioactives
Microbial Bioactives | Online ISSN 2209-2161
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Volume 7 Number 1 2024
RESEARCH ARTICLE (Open Access)
Antioxidant Enzyme Deficiency and Oxidative Stress in Asthma: Implications for Microbial Bioactives and Therapeutic Antioxidant Strategies
Ali abdalla Hindi 1*, Zeyad Swadi Obaid AL-isawi 2, Sameem S. M. Baker 3
Microbial Bioactives 7 (1) 1-6 https://doi.org/10.25163/microbbioacts.7110104
Submitted: 01 August 2024 Revised: 16 September 2024 Published: 17 September 2024
Abstract
Background: Asthma is a chronic inflammatory disorder characterized by oxidative stress arising from an imbalance between reactive oxygen species (ROS) and antioxidant defense systems. Emerging evidence suggests that microbial bioactives and microbiome-associated metabolites may influence oxidative stress pathways and immune responses in respiratory diseases. Key oxidative stress biomarkers, including superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione-S-transferase (GST), and malondialdehyde (MDA), provide important insights into disease pathophysiology and potential bioactive-mediated interventions.
Methods: A case-control study was conducted at Alsader Medical City in Najaf, involving 87 asthmatic patients (46 males, 41 females) and 33 age- and sex-matched healthy controls. Blood samples were collected, and serum levels of SOD, CAT, GST, and MDA were quantified using standardized biochemical assays. Statistical analyses were performed to evaluate group differences and gender-based variations, with significance set at p < 0.05.
Results: Asthmatic patients exhibited significantly reduced levels of SOD (44.1–89.38 U/L vs. 74–94.5 U/L, p < 0.001), CAT (0.015–0.106 km/min vs. 0.036–0.12 km/min, p < 0.001), and GST (3.1–18.7 U/L vs. 5.9–19 U/L, p < 0.05) compared to controls. In contrast, MDA levels were markedly elevated (2.2–13.46 µM vs. 0.63–6.59 µM, p < 0.001), indicating enhanced lipid peroxidation and oxidative stress. No significant gender-based differences were observed among asthmatic patients, suggesting a consistent oxidative imbalance across sexes.
Conclusion: The findings demonstrate a pronounced oxidative imbalance in asthma, characterized by diminished antioxidant defenses and increased lipid peroxidation. These results highlight the potential relevance of microbial bioactives—such as probiotic-derived metabolites and antioxidant-producing microorganisms—in modulating oxidative stress and improving disease outcomes. Integrating microbial bioactive strategies with conventional therapies may offer a promising direction for personalized and sustainable asthma management. Further research is warranted to elucidate microbiome–host interactions and their therapeutic implications.
Keywords: Asthma, Oxidative stress, Antioxidant enzymes, Microbial bioactives, Microbiome, Reactive oxygen species, Malondialdehyde (MDA), Probiotics, Inflammation
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