Socioeconomic Vulnerabilities and Adaptive Strategies of Small-Scale Fishers in Developing Country

Sharif Ahmed Sazzad ¹, Kulsuma Begum ¹, Shahriar Kabir Selim ¹, Al Maksud Foysal ¹*

This study determined the understanding of small-scale fishers' socioeconomic challenges and adaptation strategies aids policy development for sustainable livelihoods and riverine biodiversity conservation.

Abstract

Background: Small-scale fisheries along the Meghna River in Bangladesh are vital for livelihoods, food security, and economic development, contributing significantly to the national GDP and global fish supply. However, these fisheries face mounting challenges due to overfishing, habitat degradation, climate change, and socioeconomic vulnerabilities. This study aims to assess the socioeconomic conditions of small-scale fishers, their adaptive strategies, and opportunities for resilience enhancement. Methods: A mixed-methods approach was employed, including surveys of 300 fishing households, six focus group discussions, and key informant interviews. Quantitative data captured demographic, livelihood, and financial details, while qualitative insights explored adaptation strategies, policy frameworks, and community resilience. The study analyzed data using the DFID Sustainable Livelihoods Framework, identifying key strengths and vulnerabilities. Results: Findings revealed that 70% of households earn below the national poverty line, with high illiteracy rates (48%) and limited access to formal financial systems. Declining fish stocks, exacerbated by illegal fishing practices and climate change, were identified as critical concerns by 85% of respondents. Seasonal fishing bans further strained livelihoods, with only 35% of affected households receiving compensation. Adaptation strategies included alternative income-generating activities (e.g., poultry farming, vegetable gardening), seasonal migration, and community-based initiatives such as shared resource ownership and informal savings clubs. Despite their potential, these measures remain underutilized due to skill gaps, financial constraints, and limited institutional support. Conclusion: The livelihoods of Meghna River fishers are shaped by interlinked environmental, social, and institutional challenges. While adaptive strategies demonstrate resilience, sustainable development requires targeted interventions in education, skill development, and resource management. Government policies should prioritize transparent compensation mechanisms, community-based conservation efforts, and livelihood diversification programs. Strengthening climate-resilient infrastructure and fostering collaborations among stakeholders will ensure the long-term sustainability of both fishing communities and the Meghna River ecosystem.

Keywords: Meghna River fisheries, Small-scale fishers, Livelihood resilience, Alternative income-generating activities, Climate change adaptation

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