Sustainable Agriculture Development: The Role of Biofertilizers in Soil Fertility and Crop Yield Improvement

Ayesha Areej¹, Muhammad Usama¹, Umer Zulfiqar¹, Fatima Sarwar¹, Maryam¹, Aneela Ashiq ¹*

The study demonstrated sustainable agriculture by promoting biofertilizers, improving soil fertility, and reducing chemical fertilizer reliance for better crop yield.

Abstract

This review explores the role of biofertilizers, specifically focusing on phosphate-solubilizing microorganisms, nitrogen-fixing bacteria, algal biofertilizers, and fungal biofertilizers, in enhancing soil fertility and promoting sustainable agricultural practices. Biofertilizers offer a natural alternative to chemical fertilizers, improving nutrient availability and reducing environmental impacts associated with synthetic inputs. Phosphate-solubilizing microorganisms play a crucial role in mobilizing bound phosphates, making them accessible to plants, while nitrogen-fixing bacteria convert atmospheric nitrogen into forms usable by crops, significantly enhancing soil fertility. Algal biofertilizers provide essential nutrients and improve soil structure, promoting beneficial microbial activity and water retention. Furthermore, fungal biofertilizers establish symbiotic relationships with plant roots, enhancing nutrient uptake and overall plant health. Despite their benefits, challenges such as production costs, application efficiency, and the need for field-specific adaptations exist. Ongoing research is vital to optimize biofertilizer formulations and applications to address these challenges effectively. This review highlights the potential of biofertilizers to contribute to sustainable agriculture by improving crop yields, enhancing soil health, and reducing reliance on chemical fertilizers. By promoting the use of biofertilizers, farmers can adopt more environmentally friendly practices, ultimately leading to increased food security and more resilient agricultural systems. The integration of biofertilizers into existing farming practices is essential for creating sustainable and productive agricultural landscapes globally.

Keywords: Biofertilizers, Phosphate-solubilizing microorganisms, Nitrogen-fixing bacteria, Sustainable agriculture, Soil fertility

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