Microbial Bioactives
Microbial Bioactives | Online ISSN 2209-2161
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Volume 4 Number 1 2021
REVIEWS (Open Access)
Unlocking Hidden Microbial Pharmacies: Marine and Terrestrial Biodiscovery Strategies for Next-Generation Antimicrobial and Therapeutic Natural Products
Normurodova Kunduz Togaevna 1*, Vakhabov Abdurasul Khakimovich 1, Tashmukhamedova Shokhista Sabirovna 1
Microbial Bioactives 4 (1) 1-8 https://doi.org/10.25163/microbbioacts.4110714
Submitted: 26 July 2021 Revised: 17 September 2021 Accepted: 27 September 2021 Published: 29 September 2021
Abstract
Microbial natural products continue to occupy a remarkably important place in modern drug discovery, although the field itself has changed considerably over the past decade. What once relied heavily on soil-derived Actinobacteria has gradually expanded toward more complex ecological systems, particularly marine environments where chemical diversity appears unusually rich. This systematic review explores how terrestrial and marine microorganisms—including Actinomycetes, fungi, cyanobacteria, and microalgae—contribute to the discovery of structurally novel and biologically active metabolites. Particular attention was given to strategies designed to overcome the long-standing limitations of microbial uncultivability and silent biosynthetic pathways. Approaches such as One Strain Many Compounds (OSMAC), co-cultivation, genome mining, metabologenomics, molecular networking, and in situ cultivation consistently enhanced metabolite detection and chemical novelty across studies. Quantitative synthesis further suggested that marine-derived microorganisms, while comparatively underexplored, frequently produced compounds with greater structural uniqueness and broader pharmacological potential than many terrestrial counterparts. Forest and funnel plot analyses indicated moderate heterogeneity but minimal publication bias, supporting the overall reliability of observed trends. Interestingly, the integration of cultivation-based techniques with genomic and metabolomic tools appeared far more effective than single-method strategies alone. Collectively, the evidence suggests that microbial biodiscovery is shifting from a largely exploratory discipline toward a more systematic, data-guided framework capable of accelerating therapeutic innovation against multidrug-resistant pathogens and other emerging biomedical challenges
Keywords: Microbial natural products; marine Actinomycetes; OSMAC; co-cultivation; genome mining; metabolomics; antimicrobial drug discovery
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