Journal of Precision Biosciences
Precision sciences | Online ISSN 3064-9226
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Volume 7 Number 1 2025
SYSTEMATIC REVIEW (Open Access)
Benchmarking the Omics Revolution: A Comprehensive Review of Methodological Consistency and Clinical Readiness
Samima Nasrin Setu1*, Rifat Bin Amin2, Raihan Mia1, Ismath tarin3
Journal of Precision Biosciences 7 (1) 1-8 https://doi.org/10.25163/biosciences.7110539
Submitted: 13 October 2025 Revised: 09 December 2025 Accepted: 17 December 2025 Published: 19 December 2025
Abstract
Omics technologies encompassing genomics, transcriptomics, proteomics, and metabolomics—have revolutionized our understanding of complex biological systems by enabling comprehensive, high-throughput profiling of molecular landscapes. This systematic review and meta-analysis synthesized evidence from studies spanning 2000–2024 to evaluate the reproducibility, accuracy, and clinical relevance of omics approaches across diverse human health contexts. A rigorous literature search was conducted in PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and Embase, with studies screened according to PRISMA guidelines. Forest plots were employed to visualize effect sizes and confidence intervals, while funnel plots assessed potential publication bias, revealing generally reproducible molecular signatures alongside mild asymmetries indicative of small-study effects. Random-effects meta-analyses quantified heterogeneity, identifying methodological factors—such as platform type, sample handling, and cohort characteristics—as key contributors to variability. Across studies, transcriptomic data consistently highlighted immune and metabolic pathway alterations, proteomic analyses revealed changes in key enzymes and regulatory proteins, and metabolomics captured downstream functional consequences, illustrating the complementary value of multi-omics integration. Despite inherent heterogeneity and modest publication bias, the pooled analyses underscore the robustness of core molecular patterns and their potential as biomarkers for disease diagnosis, prognosis, and therapeutic targeting. This review emphasizes the need for standardized protocols, transparent reporting, and multi-cohort validation to enhance reproducibility and clinical translation. Collectively, our findings highlight that systematic aggregation of omics data not only strengthens biological inference but also provides a roadmap for leveraging multi-omics approaches in precision medicine. Keywords: Omics; Genomics; Transcriptomics; Proteomics; Metabolomics; Systematic review; Meta-analysis; Biomarker discovery
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