Sustainable Strategies for Large Cardamom Cultivation in the Sikkim Himalayas: Addressing Climate, Socioeconomic, and Biodiversity Challenges
Md Abdullah 1*, Sefali Sultana Parvin 2
Applied Agriculture Sciences 2(1) 1-8 https://doi.org/10.25163/agriculture.2110021
Submitted: 17 June 2024 Revised: 16 August 2024 Published: 17 August 2024
Abstract
Background: Large cardamom (Amomum subulatum) is a significant cash crop in the Sikkim Himalayas, contributing to the region’s agricultural economy and farmer livelihoods. However, changing climatic and socio-economic conditions have adversely impacted its production, highlighting the need for a comprehensive approach to address challenges in its cultivation and market access. This study focuses on identifying technical gaps and interventions needed to enhance the large cardamom value chain and its potential to meet global demand. Methods: The study involved a detailed review of existing literature, government reports, and agricultural practices in the Sikkim region. A combination of qualitative and quantitative data collection methods was employed, including interviews with local farmers, field surveys, and consultations with experts in climate change, agroforestry, and market systems. A thorough analysis of the current status of large cardamom production, as well as the socio-economic and environmental challenges faced by farmers, was conducted. Results: The findings revealed critical gaps in large cardamom production, including a lack of disease-resistant varieties, inadequate extension services, and poor post-harvest handling techniques. Climate change and socio-economic pressures were identified as major factors limiting the crop’s potential. However, the study also identified opportunities for growth, including promoting sustainable farming practices, strengthening market access, and enhancing biodiversity conservation. Recommendations for improving the value chain include the development of location-specific varieties, better disease management, improved drying techniques, and establishing direct market linkages. Conclusion: A long-term, multi-disciplinary strategy is essential to address the technical, economic, and environmental challenges in the large cardamom sector. Implementing the proposed interventions will not only enhance farmer incomes but also contribute to increased foreign exchange earnings for India. The study emphasizes the need for coordinated efforts among research institutions, government agencies, and farmers to build a resilient and sustainable large cardamom sector, capable of meeting both domestic and global demand while ensuring biodiversity conservation.
Keywords: Large Cardamom, Sustainable Agriculture, Climate Change, Biodiversity Conservation, Sikkim Himalayas
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