Photosynthetic Microbes as Ecological Stabilizers and Sustainable Bio-Solutions: A Systematic Review

Mona Ahmed Hussein ¹*

Photosynthetic microbes sustain ecosystems, mitigate climate change, enhance soil fertility, support aquatic food webs, and enable sustainable biotechnological innovations globally.

Abstract

Photosynthetic microbes—cyanobacteria, algae, and photosynthetic bacteria—form the invisible foundation of life-supporting processes on Earth. Beyond simply producing oxygen, these microorganisms continuously regulate carbon cycles, enrich soils, and sustain aquatic ecosystems. This systematic review brings together insights from peer-reviewed studies to describe, in an accessible and human-centered way, how these microbes quietly but powerfully shape environmental stability. The reviewed literature shows that photosynthetic microbes absorb significant amounts of atmospheric carbon dioxide, helping soften the impact of greenhouse gas accumulation and global warming. Their natural ability to convert sunlight into chemical energy also increases soil fertility by adding organic matter and promoting nutrient cycling, ultimately supporting healthier and more productive crops. In freshwater and marine environments, these microorganisms serve as the first link in the food chain, stabilize water chemistry, and prevent harmful carbon buildup that can disrupt aquatic life. Beyond their ecological roles, a growing body of research highlights their value in biotechnology. From clean biofuel production to nutrient-rich food supplements and eco-friendly pollution treatment, photosynthetic microbes are emerging as versatile biological tools. Despite this promise, their integration into climate action strategies and industrial applications is still in early stages. This review underscores the need for stronger collaboration across environmental science, agriculture, biotechnology, and policy sectors to unlock their full potential. Recognizing these microbes as natural air purifiers, carbon managers, and sustainable biofactories offers a compelling roadmap for building a more resilient planet and advancing human well-being.

Keywords: Photosynthetic microbes, carbon sequestration, oxygen production, climate change mitigation, microbial biotechnology, soil fertility, aquatic ecosystems

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