Journal of Angiotherapy
Integrative Biomedical Research | Online ISSN  2207-872X
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Contents Vol 8 (8)

The Role of Surveillance Systems in the Early Detection and Response to Outbreaks of Emerging and Reemerging Infectious Diseases: A Comprehensive Review

Sami Abdullah Al Mutairi 1*, Fayez Abdullah Hussain Alsuraimi 1, Sawsan Ahmad Ghassap 1, ‏Nahil Ibrahim Alrawi 1, ‏Ibrahim Muhammad Al-Arej 1, ‏Hathal Fahad Ali Alsubaie 1, ‏Magliah, Rami Fawzi 1, ‏Saad Alwan Alshehri 1, Nawaf Aqeel Bin Nujaifan 1, Waleed Hussin Khubrani 1, Saleh Fayez Saleh Alfayez 1, Khalid Muflih Alanazi 1, Hassan Duairam Thawab Al-Shahrani 1

+ Author Affiliations

Journal of Angiotherapy 8 (8) 1-8 https://doi.org/10.25163/angiotherapy.8810207

Submitted: 08 April 2025 Revised: 12 August 2024  Published: 15 August 2024 

Abstract

The emergence and re-emergence of infectious diseases, particularly those of zoonotic origin, is an ongoing and ominous threat to international health. Zoonotic diseases represent approximately 60% of all infectious diseases and up to 75% of emerging infectious diseases (EIDs), an occurrence driven by multidimensional drivers including habitat destruction, international travel, expanded agricultural endeavors, and antimicrobial resistance. The COVID-19 catastrophe serves as the most prominent example of the catastrophic outcomes posed by zoonotic spillover and the need for immediate, serious action to put in place interconnected, robust surveillance systems. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the role of surveillance systems in early detection and response to infectious disease outbreaks. The review emphasizes the importance of one health principles and multisectoral collaboration across human, animal, and environmental health interests. The review describes existing initiatives at the global level, such as GOARN, GLEWS+, and the PREDICT project, as well as evaluates the application of new technologies such as AI in early prediction and controlling of diseases. In addition, it analyzes the components and criteria necessary for its implementation, namely, timely collection of data, prioritization of risk, involvement of stakeholders, and interlinking of digital platforms for surveillance. The review concludes with the perspective that cross-disciplinary collaboration, human capacity building, and application of new tools will be pivotal in enhancing preparedness and mitigating the impact of future pandemics.

Keywords: Zoonotic diseases, Surveillance systems, Emerging infectious diseases, One Health, Pandemic preparedness

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