Journal of Primeasia

Integrative Disciplinary Research | Online ISSN 3064-9870 | Print ISSN 3069-4353
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Journal of Primeasia

Volume 7 Number 1 2026

Article Contents

REVIEWS   (Open Access)
Contents Vol 7 (1)

Biowaste-Derived Carbon Materials for Electrochemical Energy Storage: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analytical Perspective on Fishery and Agricultural Residues

Abstract 1. Introduction 2. Materials and Methods 3.Results 4. Discussion 5. Limitations 6.Conclusion References

Anisul Islam Opy 1*

+ Author Affiliations

Journal of Primeasia 7 (1) 1-8 https://doi.org/10.25163/primeasia.7110768

Submitted: 01 April 2026 Revised: 23 May 2026  Accepted: 04 June 2026  Published: 06 June 2026 

Abstract

The valorization of biowaste into high-performance carbon materials has emerged as a promising strategy for sustainable electrochemical energy storage. Fishery and agricultural residues, which are abundant and underutilized, offer a renewable and environmentally friendly feedstock for the synthesis of heteroatom-doped porous carbons. These materials exhibit hierarchical pore structures, high surface areas, and enhanced electrochemical properties, making them suitable for lithium-ion, lithium–sulfur batteries, and supercapacitors. Despite the proliferation of experimental studies, the performance metrics of biowaste-derived carbons vary widely due to differences in precursor composition, processing methods, and electrochemical configurations. This systematic review and meta-analysis consolidate experimental data from fish-derived residues (scales, skins, bones, shells) and lignocellulosic agricultural residues (almond shells, crop stalks, fruit stones), evaluating their physicochemical characteristics, electrochemical performance, and sustainability potential. Quantitative synthesis highlights trends in reversible capacity, rate capability, and cycle stability, identifying the influence of precursor type, pore architecture, and heteroatom content. Findings indicate that fishery waste carbons can outperform conventional graphite anodes in lithium-ion systems, while agricultural residues serve as efficient sulfur hosts in lithium–sulfur batteries, mitigating polysulfide shuttling. Additionally, both waste sources enhance supercapacitor performance through high capacitance retention and power density. By providing a statistically grounded assessment of biowaste-derived carbon materials, this study informs future electrode design, promotes circular economy approaches, and underscores the potential of sustainable biomass for next-generation energy storage technologies.

Keywords: Biowaste, Fishery residues, Agricultural residues, Carbon materials, Lithium-ion batteries, Lithium–sulfur batteries, Supercapacitors, Energy storage, Sustainable materials

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