Journal of Primeasia

Integrative Disciplinary Research | Online ISSN 3064-9870 | Print ISSN 3069-4353
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Journal of Primeasia

Volume 7 Number 1 2026

Article Contents

REVIEWS   (Open Access)
Contents Vol 7 (1)

Microwave-Assisted Pyrolysis of Biomass and Waste Streams: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analytical Perspective on Feedstocks, Mechanisms, and Circular Bioeconomy Applications

Abstract References

Bayzid 1*, Md. Borhanul Haque 2

+ Author Affiliations

Journal of Primeasia 7 (1) 1-8 https://doi.org/10.25163/primeasia.7110800

Submitted: 25 June 2026 Revised: 17 August 2026  Accepted: 26 August 2026  Published: 28 August 2026 

Abstract

Microwave-assisted pyrolysis (MAP) has emerged as a transformative technology for the valorization of biomass and waste materials into biofuels, biochar, and high-value chemicals. Unlike conventional pyrolysis, MAP leverages rapid, volumetric heating and selective energy absorption, resulting in enhanced reaction rates, higher yields, and improved product quality. This systematic review and meta-analysis synthesizes findings from recent studies on diverse feedstocks, including lignocellulosic biomass, agricultural residues, and industrial waste. The analysis evaluates the influence of operational parameters—such as microwave power, reaction temperature, heating rate, and residence time—on product characteristics, energy efficiency, and economic feasibility. Results indicate that MAP can significantly increase bio-oil yield and biochar carbon content while reducing energy consumption compared to conventional pyrolysis. Catalytic and hybrid approaches further optimize product selectivity and functional properties. Additionally, the environmental benefits of MAP, including reduced greenhouse gas emissions and lower pollutant generation, are highlighted. Despite these advancements, challenges remain in scaling up the technology, addressing feedstock variability, and integrating MAP into circular bioeconomy frameworks. This review provides critical insights into current progress, identifies research gaps, and proposes strategic directions to enhance MAP’s efficiency, sustainability, and commercial viability. Overall, the findings underscore MAP’s potential as a sustainable and economically attractive solution for converting diverse waste streams into renewable energy and value-added products.

Keywords: Microwave-assisted pyrolysis, biomass valorization, bio-oil, biochar, renewable energy, process optimization, circular bioeconomy

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