The Multifaceted Impact of Urban Gardening for Enhancing Environment, Health, And Community

Beatrice Atieno Otieno ¹, Davis Bwire Namiripo ¹*

This review determines the urban gardening to enhance environmental sustainability, improve mental health, promote food security, and foster social cohesion in rapidly urbanizing areas.

Abstract

Background: Urban gardening, an ancient practice, has gained renewed significance in the face of rapid urbanization and its associated challenges, including environmental degradation and declining mental health. This study explores the multifaceted role of urban gardening in fostering sustainable urban development by addressing its environmental, social, and health impacts. Methods: A mixed-methods approach was employed, incorporating quantitative surveys and qualitative interviews across five cities—New York, Berlin, Mumbai, São Paulo, and Nairobi. Structured surveys were distributed to 300 participants, focusing on air quality, access to fresh food, social interactions, and mental health. Semi-structured interviews with 30 stakeholders, including city planners and community garden managers, provided qualitative insights. Field observations were conducted to assess the ecological and physical characteristics of urban gardens, and secondary data were reviewed to contextualize findings. Results: The findings revealed that 67% of respondents reported improved mental health, with São Paulo and New York leading in positive outcomes. Urban gardening contributed to a reduction in the urban heat island effect, with temperature reductions of up to 4°C. Additionally, gardens enhanced biodiversity by hosting various plant species, creating habitats for pollinators. Urban gardens served as social hubs, fostering community engagement and inclusivity, while 60% of respondents in São Paulo reported improved access to fresh food. Conclusion: Urban gardening significantly enhances environmental sustainability, social cohesion, and mental health in urban areas, particularly in marginalized communities. However, challenges such as land access and insufficient policy support hinder its potential. For urban gardening to thrive, it is crucial for local governments and communities to prioritize green infrastructure in urban planning, ensuring the sustainability of these vital green spaces in rapidly urbanizing environments.

Keywords: Urban Gardening, Sustainability, Mental Health, Food Security, Community Cohesion

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