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RESEARCH ARTICLE   (Open Access)
Contents Vol 5 (1)

Comprehensive Overview of Plant Cell Structure and Functions: Analysis of Organelles, Roles, and Their Interactions in Plant Physiology

S M Masud Parvez 1*, Dinesh Babu 2

+ Author Affiliations

Australian Herbal Insight 5 (1) 1-6 https://doi.org/10.25163/ahi.519946

Submitted: 12 July 2022 Revised: 08 October 2022  Published: 09 October 2022 

Abstract

Background: Plant cells form the basic units of plant life and exhibit a unique structure that sets them apart from other eukaryotic cells. Their distinctive organelles, such as the cell wall, chloroplasts, and central vacuole, contribute significantly to plant physiology and ecology. Methods: This study employed a combination of light microscopy and electron microscopy to observe the structural components of plant cells. Plant specimens were subjected to histological preparation, and cell organelles were analyzed for structural integrity and functionality. In addition, biochemical assays were used to assess photosynthetic activity and intracellular transport mechanisms. Results: Results showed that the plant cell organelles exhibited specialized structures that support their functions. The chloroplasts, responsible for photosynthesis, displayed an extensive network of thylakoids and stroma, while the central vacuole contributed to turgor pressure regulation. The cell wall's rigidity was primarily due to cellulose fibers interspersed with hemicellulose and pectin. Conclusion: The unique features of plant cell structures are essential to their function and survival. Organelles like the chloroplasts, vacuole, and cell wall work in concert to support processes like photosynthesis, nutrient storage, and cellular support, which are critical for plant growth and development. Future research should delve into how environmental stressors affect these organelles and their collective functions.

Keywords: Plant cell, chloroplast, central vacuole, cell wall, organelles, turgor pressure, photosynthesis, cellulose, microscopy.

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