Green Synthesis of Silver Nanoparticles Using Moringa oleifera Leaf Extract: Antibacterial Efficacy and Sustainable Nanotechnology
Shoheli Ferdous1, GM Shafiur Rahman1, Jafor Rayhan1, Md Zakir Hossain1, Md Hasibur Rahman1, Alam Khan1, Md Shariful Islam1
Biosensors and Nanotheranostics 3(1) 1-7 https://doi.org/10.25163/biosensors.319971
Submitted: 02 June 2024 Revised: 09 August 2024 Published: 10 August 2024
Abstract
Background: The green synthesis of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) is an emerging, environmentally friendly method that employs natural substances, such as plant extracts, to create nanoparticles without the use of harmful chemicals. In this study, we explored the synthesis of AgNPs using an aqueous extract of Moringa oleifera leaves, known for their antimicrobial properties. The objective was to evaluate the synergistic antibacterial effects of the synthesized AgNPs in combination with the plant extract. Methods: Silver nitrate (AgNO3) was reduced by the plant extract at 65°C, resulting in the formation of AgNPs. Characterization of the nanoparticles was conducted using various techniques including X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, and UV-Vis spectroscopy. Results: XRD analysis confirmed the successful formation of silver nanostructures with average particle size ranging from 80 to 85 nm. SEM images revealed spherical nanoparticles, while TGA and FTIR data indicated the stability of the synthesized nanoparticles and the presence of bioactive compounds in the leaf extract that facilitated the reduction and stabilization of AgNPs. Antibacterial activity was assessed against Escherichia coli using the disc diffusion method, and results demonstrated a concentration-dependent inhibition, with the 20 mg/mL M-AgNPs exhibiting a zone of inhibition of 13.33 mm, comparable to that of ciprofloxacin. Conclusion: This study demonstrated the potential of Moringa oleifera leaf extract in the eco-friendly synthesis of AgNPs with promising antibacterial properties. These findings suggest that green-synthesized AgNPs could serve as an alternative to traditional antibiotics, offering a sustainable approach for combating microbial infections. Further research is needed to optimize the synthesis process and assess the broader applications of these nanoparticles in medical and environmental fields.
Keywords: Green synthesis, silver nanoparticles, Moringa oleifera, antibacterial activity, sustainable nanotechnology
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