Green Synthesis and Zinc-Oxide Nanoparticles for Corrosion Inhibition and Modeling Corrosion Inhibition of Mild Steel in HCl Solutions
Abuchi Elebo 1*, Uba Sani 1, Patricia A. Ekwumemgbo 1, Victor O. Ajibola 1
Biosensors and Nanotheranostics 3(1) 1-17 https://doi.org/10.25163/biosensors.317339
Submitted: 20 January 2024 Revised: 28 March 2024 Published: 30 March 2024
Abstract
Background: The expanding field of nanotechnology has led to significant interest in green chemistry approaches for synthesizing metal nanoparticles, which offer environmentally friendly, cost-effective, and recyclable solutions. Among these, zinc-oxide nanoparticles (ZnONPs) have gained attention for their potential as corrosion inhibitors. This study introduces a novel green synthesis of ZnONPs using Opuntia fragilis leaves (OFL) and explores their effectiveness in inhibiting the corrosion of mild steel in hydrochloric acid (HCl) solutions. Methods: ZnONPs were biosynthesized using OFL, and their physicochemical properties were characterized through SEM, TEM, XRD, EDX, UV-Vis, and FT-IR spectroscopy. The nanoparticles' average size, shape, elemental composition, and crystallinity were determined. The corrosion inhibition potential of OFL-ZnONPs on mild steel in various HCl concentrations was evaluated using weight loss measurements, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, and potentiodynamic polarization. Numerical optimization was performed using response surface methodology (RSM) and artificial neural network (ANN) models to predict and optimize the process parameters influencing corrosion inhibition. Results: The characterization revealed ZnONPs with an average internal size of 15 nm, external size of 25 nm, hexagonal shape, and a crystallinity of 68.14%. Elemental analysis showed high zinc and oxygen content (75.23% and 23.45%, respectively). Corrosion inhibition studies indicated that as the inhibitor concentration increased, weight loss decreased, resulting in higher inhibition efficiency. RSM optimization yielded a maximum inhibition efficiency of 77.31% under specific conditions (2 M HCl, 4.75 hours, 0.4 g/L inhibitor concentration, and 324.5 K). ANN optimization identified the optimal neuron number as 9, with a mean squared error (MSE) of 0.6053, confirming the robustness of the model. Conclusion: This study demonstrates the successful green synthesis of ZnONPs using OFL and their effective application as corrosion inhibitors for mild steel in HCl solutions. The use of RSM and ANN for process optimization highlighted the robustness and predictive accuracy of these models, paving the way for environmentally friendly and efficient corrosion inhibition strategies in industrial applications.
Keywords: Green synthesis, zinc oxide nanoparticles, corrosion inhibition, mild steel, response surface methodology, Opuntia fragalis
References
Abdallah, M., Altass, H. M., Al Jahdaly, B., & Salem, M. (2018). Some natural aqueous extracts of plants as green inhibitor for carbon steel corrosion in 0.5 M sulfuric acid. Green chemistry letters and reviews, 11(3), 189-196.
Abdelaziz, S., Benamira, M., Messaadia, L., Boughoues, Y., Lahmar, H., & Boudjerda, A. (2021). Green corrosion inhibition of mild steel in HCl medium using leaves extract of Arbutus unedo L. plant: An experimental and computational approach. Colloids and Surfaces A: Physicochemical and Engineering Aspects, 619, 126496.
Akinbulumo, O. A., Odejobi, O. J., & Odekanle, E. L. (2020). Thermodynamics and adsorption study of the corrosion inhibition of mild steel by Euphorbia heterophylla L. extract in 1.5 M HCl. Results in Materials, 5, 100074.
Akpan, E. D., Isaac, I. O., Olasunkanmi, L. O., Ebenso, E. E., & Sherif, E.-S. M. (2019). Acridine-based thiosemicarbazones as novel inhibitors of mild steel corrosion in 1 M HCl: synthesis, electrochemical, DFT and Monte Carlo simulation studies. RSC advances, 9(51), 29590-29599.
Alamri, A. H. (2022). Application of machine learning to stress corrosion cracking risk assessment. Egyptian Journal of Petroleum, 31(4), 11-21.
Al-Senani, G. M. (2020). Synthesis of ZnO-NPs using a Convolvulus arvensis leaf extract and proving its efficiency as an inhibitor of carbon steel corrosion. Materials, 13(4), 890.
Amodu, O. S., Odunlami, M. O., Akintola, J. T., Ojumu, T. V., & Ayanda, O. S. (2022). Artificial neural network and response surface methodology for optimization of corrosion inhibition of mild steel in 1 M HCl by Musa paradisiaca peel extract. Heliyon, 8(12).
Ansari, A., Ou-Ani, O., Oucheikh, L., Youssefi, Y., Chebabe, D., Oubair, A., & Znini, M. (2022). Experimental, Theoretical Modeling and Optimization of Inhibitive Action of Ocimum Basilicum Essential Oil as Green Corrosion Inhibitor for C38 Steel in 0.5 MH 2 SO 4 Medium. Chemistry Africa, 1-19.
Awe, F., Idris, S., Abdulwahab, M., & Oguzie, E. (2015). Theoretical and experimental inhibitive properties of mild steel in HCl by ethanolic extract of Boscia senegalensis. Cogent Chemistry, 1(1), 1112676.
Bekmurzayeva, A., Duncanson, W. J., Azevedo, H. S., & Kanayeva, D. (2018). Surface modification of stainless steel for biomedical applications: Revisiting a century-old material. Materials Science and Engineering: C, 93, 1073-1089.
El-Gammal, O. A., Mohamed, F. S., Rezk, G. N., & El-Bindary, A. A. (2021). Structural characterization and biological activity of a new metal complexes based of Schiff base. Journal of Molecular Liquids, 330, 115522.
Emembolu, L. N., Ohale, P. E., Onu, C. E., & Ohale, N. J. (2022). Comparison of RSM and ANFIS modeling techniques in corrosion inhibition studies of Aspilia Africana leaf extract on mild steel and aluminium metal in acidic medium. Applied Surface Science Advances, 11, 100316.
Faisal, S., Jan, H., Shah, S. A., Shah, S., Khan, A., Akbar, M. T., Rizwan, M., Jan, F., Wajidullah, & Akhtar, N. (2021). Green synthesis of zinc oxide (ZnO) nanoparticles using aqueous fruit extracts of Myristica fragrans: their characterizations and biological and environmental applications. ACS omega, 6(14), 9709-9722.
Fakhari, S., Jamzad, M., & Kabiri Fard, H. (2019). Green synthesis of zinc oxide nanoparticles: a comparison. Green chemistry letters and reviews, 12(1), 19-24.
Farooq, A., Khan, U. A., Ali, H., Sathish, M., Naqvi, S. A. H., Iqbal, S., Ali, H., Mubeen, I., Amir, M. B., & Mosa, W. F. (2022). Green chemistry based synthesis of zinc oxide nanoparticles using plant derivatives of Calotropis gigantea (Giant Milkweed) and its biological applications against various bacterial and fungal pathogens. Microorganisms, 10(11), 2195.
Fouda, A. S., Ismail, M. A., Temraz, A. M., & Abousalem, A. S. (2019). Comprehensive investigations on the action of cationic terthiophene and bithiophene as corrosion inhibitors: experimental and theoretical studies. New Journal of Chemistry, 43(2), 768-789.
Gadekar, M. R., & Ahammed, M. M. (2019). Modelling dye removal by adsorption onto water treatment residuals using combined response surface methodology-artificial neural network approach. Journal of environmental management, 231, 241-248.
Garba, Z. N., Ugbaga, N. I., & Abdullahi, A. K. (2016). Evaluation of optimum adsorption conditions for Ni (II) and Cd (II) removal from aqueous solution by modified plantain peels (MPP). Beni-Suef University Journal of Basic and Applied Sciences, 5(2), 170-179.
Guo, W., Umar, A., Zhao, Q., Alsaiari, M. A., Al-Hadeethi, Y., Wang, L., & Pei, M. (2020). Corrosion inhibition of carbon steel by three kinds of expired cephalosporins in 0.1 M H2SO4. Journal of Molecular Liquids, 320, 114295.
Haladu, S. A., Mu'azu, N. D., Ali, S. A., Elsharif, A. M., Odewunmi, N. A., & Abd El-Lateef, H. M. (2022). Inhibition of mild steel corrosion in 1 M H2SO4 by a gemini surfactant 1, 6-hexyldiyl-bis-(dimethyldodecylammonium bromide): ANN, RSM predictive modeling, quantum chemical and MD simulation studies. Journal of Molecular Liquids, 350, 118533.
Ivušic, F., Lahodny-Šarc, O., Curkovic, H. O., & Alar, V. (2015). Synergistic inhibition of carbon steel corrosion in seawater by cerium chloride and sodium gluconate. Corrosion Science, 98, 88-97.
Jain, P., Patidar, B., & Bhawsar, J. (2020). Potential of nanoparticles as a corrosion inhibitor: a review. Journal of Bio-and Tribo-Corrosion, 6, 1-12.
Jayachandran, A., Aswathy, T., & Nair, A. S. (2021). Green synthesis and characterization of zinc oxide nanoparticles using Cayratia pedata leaf extract. Biochemistry and Biophysics Reports, 26, 100995.
Jokar, M., Farahani, T. S., & Ramezanzadeh, B. (2016). Electrochemical and surface characterizations of morus alba pendula leaves extract (MAPLE) as a green corrosion inhibitor for steel in 1 M HCl. Journal of the Taiwan Institute of Chemical Engineers, 63, 436-452.
Kravanja, K. A., & Finšgar, M. (2022). A review of techniques for the application of bioactive coatings on metal-based implants to achieve controlled release of active ingredients. Materials & Design, 217, 110653.
Kumar, H., Karthikeyan, S., Vivekanand, P., & Kamaraj, P. (2021). The inhibitive effect of cloxacillin on mild steel corrosion in 2 N Sulphuric acid medium. Materials Today: Proceedings, 36, 898-902.
Lin, B., Zheng, S., Liu, J., & Xu, Y. (2020). Corrosion inhibition effect of cefotaxime sodium on mild steel in acidic and neutral media. International Journal of Electrochemical Science, 15(3), 2335-2353.
Mohapatra, R. K., Das, P. K., Pradhan, M. K., El-Ajaily, M. M., Das, D., Salem, H. F., Mahanta, U., Badhei, G., Parhi, P. K., & Maihub, A. A. (2019). Recent advances in urea-and thiourea-based metal complexes: biological, sensor, optical, and corroson inhibition studies. Comments on Inorganic Chemistry, 39(3), 127-187.
Murulana, L. C., Kabanda, M. M., & Ebenso, E. E. (2016). Investigation of the adsorption characteristics of some selected sulphonamide derivatives as corrosion inhibitors at mild steel/hydrochloric acid interface: Experimental, quantum chemical and QSAR studies. Journal of Molecular Liquids, 215, 763-779.
Obot, I., & Edouk, U. M. (2017). Benzimidazole: Small planar molecule with diverse anti-corrosion potentials. Journal of Molecular Liquids, 246, 66-90.
Ogunleye, O., Arinkoola, A., Eletta, O., Agbede, O., Osho, Y., Morakinyo, A., & Hamed, J. (2020). Green corrosion inhibition and adsorption characteristics of Luffa cylindrica leaf extract on mild steel in hydrochloric acid environment. Heliyon, 6(1).
Olawale, O., Bello, J., & Akinbami, P. (2015). A study on corrosion inhibitor of mild-steel in hydrochloric acid using cashew waste. International Journal of Modern Engineering Research, 5(8), 25-30.
Olawale, O., Bello, J., Ogunsemi, B., Uchella, U., Oluyori, A., & Oladejo, N. (2019). Optimization of chicken nail extracts as corrosion inhibitor on mild steel in 2M H2SO4. Heliyon, 5(11).
Olivieri, F., Castaldo, R., Cocca, M., Gentile, G., & Lavorgna, M. (2021). Mesoporous silica nanoparticles as carriers of active agents for smart anticorrosive organic coatings: a critical review. Nanoscale, 13(20), 9091-9111.
Onukwuli, O., & Omotioma, M. (2016). Optimization of the inhibition efficiency of mango extract as corrosion inhibitor of mild steel in 1.0 M H2SO4 using response surface methodology. Journal of Chemical Technology and Metallurgy, 51(3), 302-314.
Oyewole, O., Adeoye, J. B., Udoh, V. C., & Oshin, T. A. (2023). Optimization and corrosion inhibition of Palm kernel leaves on mild steel in oil and gas applications. Egyptian Journal of Petroleum, 32(1), 41-46.
Quadri, T. W., Olasunkanmi, L. O., Akpan, E. D., Fayemi, O. E., Lee, H.-S., Lgaz, H., Verma, C., Guo, L., Kaya, S., & Ebenso, E. E. (2022). Development of QSAR-based (MLR/ANN) predictive models for effective design of pyridazine corrosion inhibitors. Materials Today Communications, 30, 103163.
Rahman, F., Majed Patwary, M. A., Bakar Siddique, M. A., Bashar, M. S., Haque, M. A., Akter, B., Rashid, R., Haque, M. A., & Royhan Uddin, A. (2022). Green synthesis of zinc oxide nanoparticles using Cocos nucifera leaf extract: Characterization, antimicrobial, antioxidant and photocatalytic activity. Royal Society Open Science, 9(11), 220858.
Rbaa, M., Abousalem, A. S., Rouifi, Z., Benkaddour, R., Dohare, P., Lakhrissi, M., Warad, I., Lakhrissi, B., & Zarrouk, A. (2020). Synthesis, antibacterial study and corrosion inhibition potential of newly synthesis oxathiolan and triazole derivatives of 8-hydroxyquinoline: experimental and theoretical approach. Surfaces and Interfaces, 19, 100468.
Rbaa, M., Abousalem, A. S., Rouifi, Z., Lakhrissi, L., Galai, M., Zarrouk, A., Lakhrissi, B., & Lakhrissi, Y. (2020). Selective synthesis of new sugars based on 8-hydroxyquinoline as corrosion inhibitors for mild steel in HCl solution-effect of the saturated hydrocarbon chain: Theoretical and experimental studies. Inorganic Chemistry Communications, 118, 108019.
Rehioui, M., Abbout, S., Benzidia, B., Hammouch, H., Erramli, H., Daoud, N. A., Badrane, N., & Hajjaji, N. (2021). Corrosion inhibiting effect of a green formulation based on Opuntia Dillenii seed oil for iron in acid rain solution. Heliyon, 7(4).
Salam, H. A., Sivaraj, R., & Venckatesh, R. (2014). Green synthesis and characterization of zinc oxide nanoparticles from Ocimum basilicum L. var. purpurascens Benth.-Lamiaceae leaf extract. Materials letters, 131, 16-18.
Salih, A. M., Al-Qurainy, F., Khan, S., Tarroum, M., Nadeem, M., Shaikhaldein, H. O., Gaafar, A.-R. Z., & Alfarraj, N. S. (2021). Biosynthesis of zinc oxide nanoparticles using Phoenix dactylifera and their effect on biomass and phytochemical compounds in Juniperus procera. Scientific Reports, 11(1), 19136.
Santhosh, A. J., Tura, A. D., Jiregna, I. T., Gemechu, W. F., Ashok, N., & Ponnusamy, M. (2021). Optimization of CNC turning parameters using face centred CCD approach in RSM and ANN-genetic algorithm for AISI 4340 alloy steel. Results in Engineering, 11, 100251.
Shahini, M., Taheri, N., Mohammadloo, H. E., & Ramezanzadeh, B. (2021). A comprehensive overview of nano and micro carriers aiming at curtailing corrosion progression. Journal of the Taiwan Institute of Chemical Engineers, 126, 252-269.
Suarez-Hernandez, R., G. Gonzalez-Rodriguez, J., F. Dominguez-Patiño, G., & Martinez-Villafañe, A. (2014). Use of Opuntia ficus extract as a corrosion inhibitor for carbon steel in acidic media. Anti-Corrosion Methods and Materials, 61(4), 224-231.
Swetha, G., Sachin, H., Guruprasad, A., & Prasanna, B. (2019). Rizatriptan Benzoate as corrosion inhibitor for mild steel in acidic corrosive medium: experimental and theoretical analysis. Journal of Failure Analysis and Prevention, 19, 1113-1126.
Thiruvoth, D. D., & Ananthkumar, M. (2022). Evaluation of cerium oxide nanoparticle coating as corrosion inhibitor for mild steel. Materials Today: Proceedings, 49, 2007-2012.
Udunwa, D. I., Onukwuli, O. D., Menkiti, M. C., Anadebe, V. C., & Chidiebere, M. A. (2023). 1-Butyl-3-methylimidazolium methane sulfonate ionic liquid corrosion inhibitor for mild steel alloy: Experimental, optimization and theoretical studies. Heliyon.
Umoren, S. A., & Solomon, M. M. (2017). Synergistic corrosion inhibition effect of metal cations and mixtures of organic compounds: a review. Journal of Environmental Chemical Engineering, 5(1), 246-273.
View Dimensions
View Altmetric
Save
Citation
View
Share