Journal of Primeasia
Integrative Disciplinary Research | Online ISSN 3064-9870 | Print ISSN 3069-4353
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Journal of Primeasia

Volume 6 Number 1 2025

Article Contents

RESEARCH ARTICLE   (Open Access)
Contents Vol 6 (1)

The Political Economy of Public Policy: How Governance Quality Affects Economic Development in Bangladesh

Marium Binte Aziz1*, Sheikh Md. Abdullah Bin Kalam2, Hamim Ahammed Shovon3, Kawsar Mia4, Mahmuda Siddika Meem5, Md. Saidur Rahman Sheikh6, Pinki Mojumder7

+ Author Affiliations

Journal of Primeasia 6 (1) 1-8 https://doi.org/10.25163/primeasia.6110369

Submitted: 05 August 2025 Revised: 17 October 2025  Published: 19 October 2025 

Abstract

Background: Governance quality plays a central role in shaping the economic trajectory of developing countries, influencing public policy effectiveness, investment confidence, and citizen trust.

Objective: This study examined how governance quality affects economic development in Bangladesh through a political economy lens, emphasizing the interconnections among institutional effectiveness, accountability, rule of law, political stability, and corruption control.

Method: Using a quantitative cross-sectional survey design, primary data were collected from 430 respondents—comprising citizens, business owners, and public officials—from both urban and rural areas of Dhaka and Chattogram Divisions. Stratified random sampling ensured representation across socioeconomic and occupational groups. A structured questionnaire measured governance indicators, public policy outcomes, and development dimensions including employment, infrastructure, investment, and poverty reduction. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, Pearson correlation, and multiple regression models in SPSS.

Results: The findings revealed that governance quality in Bangladesh is perceived as moderately effective, with notable progress in transparency but persistent challenges in corruption control and bureaucratic efficiency. Government effectiveness and corruption control emerged as the strongest predictors of economic development outcomes. While modest improvements were noted in employment and infrastructure, the investment climate and poverty reduction efforts remained weak. Citizen participation and institutional trust were found to mediate governance impacts, highlighting the importance of participatory mechanisms.

Conclusion: The study concludes that enhancing transparency, digital governance, and institutional accountability are essential for fostering inclusive and sustainable economic growth in Bangladesh.

Keywords: Governance Quality, Political Economy, Public Policy, Citizen Trust, Economic Development

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