Prevalence and Impact of Work-Related Musculoskeletal Disorders Among Dental Students in Iran: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Fahimeh Feili^1,2, Mohamad Ali Roozegar ^1,2*, Aminollah Vasigh³

This study determined the high prevalence of musculoskeletal disorders among dental students in Iran, urging the need for preventive ergonomic interventions.

Abstract

Background: For medical students, maintaining physical health is crucial for effective practice, but these students are often exposed to both physical and mental health challenges, including work-related musculoskeletal disorders (WMSDs). Dental students are particularly vulnerable due to the physically demanding nature of their training, which involves repetitive movements, heavy workloads, and inadequate rest breaks. These disorders can lead to chronic pain, impairing quality of life and professional productivity. Methods: This systematic review and meta-analysis examined the prevalence of WMSDs among dental students in Iran. Searches were conducted in several domestic and international databases, and articles published between 2000 and 2024 were included if they reported data on the prevalence of musculoskeletal pain in dental students. A total of 289 articles were initially identified, with 4 meeting the inclusion criteria. Data were extracted and analyzed using Comprehensive Meta-Analysis (CMA) software to evaluate WMSD prevalence rates. Results: The meta-analysis revealed that 22.6% of dental students experienced back pain, 38.8% had neck pain, 25.2% reported shoulder pain, and 15.2% experienced hand/elbow pain. Overall, 72.0% of dental students reported pain in at least one part of the body. These findings align with similar global studies, with variations in prevalence possibly due to differences in sample sizes, study designs, and geographical factors. Conclusion: The study highlights a high prevalence of musculoskeletal disorders, particularly in the neck, back, and shoulders, among dental students in Iran. The findings underscore the need for preventive interventions focused on improving ergonomics and occupational health to reduce the risk of WMSDs and enhance the well-being of dental students.

Keywords: Musculoskeletal disorders, dental students, prevalence, ergonomics, systematic review

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