A Clinical Analysis of Measles Outbreak and Immunization Gaps

Gulnora A. Arashova ^1*

This study showed the immunization gaps and clinical severity, and an urgent need for better vaccination strategy for measles cases.

Abstract

Background: Measles remains one of the most highly contagious infectious diseases globally, despite extensive vaccination efforts. Its high transmissibility and lack of specific treatment highlight the critical need for preventive measures. Recent outbreaks across Europe have underscored the persistent presence of non-immune populations, exacerbating the spread of the virus. This study aims to examine the clinical features and age distribution of measles cases in Bukhara amidst widespread immunization efforts. Methods: This observational study analyzed 369 measles patients admitted to the regional Bukhara infectious diseases hospital from January 2023 to January 2024. Diagnoses were based on clinical symptoms and confirmed through enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays detecting IgM antibodies. Detailed epidemiological and clinical histories were recorded and analyzed to identify disease patterns and severity. Results: The patient cohort included children and adults aged 6 months to 51 years. The highest incidence was among children under one year (41%) and those aged 1-5 years (27%). A significant portion of the patients (58%) were unvaccinated, while vaccination status was unknown for 42%. Clinical severity varied, with 72.2% experiencing moderate symptoms and 6.4% mild symptoms. Notably, 97% developed acute symptoms, and 81.1% exhibited Belsky-Filatov-Koplik spots. Complications such as pneumonia and bronchopneumonia were more common in children under one year (42%) and adults with chronic conditions (11%). Conclusion: The age distribution of measles cases highlights the vulnerability of children under one year and those between 1-5 years. The findings suggest a potential decline in post-vaccination immunity, stressing the need for comprehensive immunization and booster programs. Measles continues to manifest with moderate severity and significant complications in specific age groups, emphasizing the importance of sustained vaccination efforts to mitigate outbreaks.

Keywords: Measles, Outbreak, Immunization, Clinical Features, Complications

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