Leadership Styles in healthcare settings for Hospital Management and Employee Engagement

Qurratul Aini¹*  Nur Rachman Dzakiyullah ² 

Effective leadership in hospital administration crucially shapes organizational culture, boosts employee engagement, and enhances patient care quality in Indonesia.

Abstract

Background: Effective leadership in hospital administration plays a critical role in shaping organizational culture, fostering employee engagement, and impacting patient care quality. Leadership styles vary widely, influencing organizational dynamics and employee behavior differently. Understanding these styles is crucial for achieving goals within healthcare settings. Methods: This cross-sectional quantitative study investigated leadership style, flexibility, and effectiveness among hospital directors in Central Java, East Java, and the Special Region of Yogyakarta, Indonesia. Data were collected from six hospital directors using questionnaires and in-depth unstructured interviews. Descriptive statistics and thematic analysis were used to analyze the data. Results: The most frequently utilized leadership style was supportive, favored by 37.9% of directors, emphasizing collaborative decision-making. Coaching, delegating, and directing styles were also noted. Directors' leadership styles were generally perceived as highly adaptable, with a positive correlation between adaptable leadership styles and effective leadership functions. However, there was no significant evidence linking leadership style effectiveness to overall leadership function. Conclusion: Supportive leadership styles are prevalent among hospital directors, characterized by collaboration and adaptability. Leadership styles significantly influence hospital management practices and employee engagement. Further research is needed to optimize leadership strategies in healthcare settings.

Keywords: Leadership styles, Hospital administration, Employee engagement, Organizational culture, Healthcare management

References

Aini Muzayyana, Qurratul Aini (2024). Bibliometric Analysis of the Health Belief Model in Healthcare Workers: Trends, Insights, and Future Directions, Journal of Angiotherapy, 8(5), 1-12, 9698

Aini, Q. (2018). Motivation , Commitment and Leadership skill in Affecting Performance Hospital Managers. The Journal of Social Scences Research, 4(12), 707–710. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.32861/jssr.412-707-710

Aini, Q. (2021a). Detecting nurse’s personality models with disc. Bali Medical Journal, 10(3 Special Issue), 1038–1041. https://doi.org/10.15562/bmj.v10i3.2819

Aini, Q. (2021b). Emotional Intelligence and Leadership_A Literature Review. Phichopical Reading XIII, 3(March), 6.

Aini, Q., Dzakiyullah, N. R., & Abdulamir, M. (2023). the Use of Dominance, Influence, Steadiness, and Compliance (Disc) Personality Test in the Assessment of Nurses’ Personal Characteristics. Jurnal Keperawatan Soedirman, 18(2), 111–115. https://doi.org/10.20884/1.jks.2023.18.2.6592

Aini, Q., Talib, S. G., Alghazali, T., Ali, M. H., Sahi, Z. T., Kumar, T., Muda, I., Ramírez-Coronel, A. A., & Sunarsi, D. (2023). Spiritual intelligence, spiritual health and occupational stress in Islamic organisations. HTS Teologiese Studies / Theological Studies, 79(1), 1–6. https://doi.org/10.4102/hts.v79i1.8228

Amason, A. C. (1996). Distinguishing the Effects of Functional and Dysfunctional Conflict on Strategic Decision Making?: Resolving a Paradox for Top Management Teams Author ( s ): Allen C . Amason Source?: The Academy of Management Journal , Vol . 39 , No . 1 ( Feb ., 1996 ),. The Academy of Management Journal, 39(1), 123–148. https://doi.org/10.2307/256633

Government of Indonesia, 12 Presiden Republik Indonesie 1 (2015). http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01443410.2015.1044943%0Ahttp://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2010.03.581%0Ahttps://publications.europa.eu/en/publication-detail/-/publication/2547ebf4-bd21-46e8-88e9-f53c1b3b927f/language-en%0Ahttp://europa.eu/.%0Ahttp://www.leg.st

Guan, X., Sun, T., Hou, Y., Zhao, L., Luan, Y. Z., & Fan, L. H. (2014). The relationship between job performance and perceived organizational support in faculty members at Chinese universities: A questionnaire survey. BMC Medical Education, 14(1). https://doi.org/10.1186/1472-6920-14-50

Guntara, Y. T. (2014). Pengalaman Kepala Perawat Ruangan Dalam Penerapan Gaya Kepemimpinan Islam Di Rumah Sakit Syarif Hidayatullah. In Universitas Islam Negeri Syarif Hidayatullah.

Higgins, E. (2015). The Influence of Nurse Manager Transformational Leadership on Nurse and P Nurse and Patient Outcomes: Mediating E atient Outcomes: Mediating Effects of Suppor ects of Supportive Practice Envir actice Environments, Or onments, Organizational Citiz ganizati. 206.

Johns, G., & Saks, A. M. (2001). Organizational Behaviour: Understanding and Managing Life at Work. Addison-Wesley Longman, Incorporated. https://books.google.co.id/books?id=xuSkAAAACAAJ

Lim, S. H., Han, S. S., & Joo, Y. S. (2018). Effects of nurses’ emotional intelligence on their organizational citizenship behavior, with mediating effects of leader trust and value congruence. Japan Journal of Nursing Science, 15(4), 363–374. https://doi.org/10.1111/jjns.12206

Liu, H. C., You, J. X., Ding, X. F., & Su, Q. (2015). Improving risk evaluation in FMEA with a hybrid multiple criteria decision making method. International Journal of Quality and Reliability Management, 32(7), 763–782. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJQRM-10-2013-0169

Lousyiana, T. T., & Harlen. (2015). Pengaruh Gaya Kepemimpinan Dan Budaya Organisasi Terhadap Kepuasan Kerja dan Kinerja Perawat di Rumah Sakit Islam Ibnu Sina Pekanbaru. Tepak Manajemen Bisnis, 7(3), 509–521.

Mastutik, & Aini, Q. (2022). Assessment Of Employee Satisfaction in A Public Hospital (Results of the 2019-2021 Internal Customer Satisfaction Survey). Res Militaris, 12(3), 445–458.

Oh, J., & Wang, J. (2020). Spiritual leadership: Current status and Agenda for future research and practice. Journal of Management, Spirituality and Religion, 17(3), 223–248. https://doi.org/10.1080/14766086.2020.1728568

Oyewunmi, A. E., Oyewunmi, O. A., Ojo, I. S., & Oludayo, O. A. (2015). Leaders’ Emotional Intelligence and Employees’ Performance: A Case in Nigeria’s Public Healthcare Sector. International Journal of Human Resource Studies, 5(3), 23. https://doi.org/10.5296/ijhrs.v5i3.7854

Prasetyo, D. D., Nilasari, B. M., & Muhidin, S. (2022). The Fact Of How Leaders Influence On Employee Creativity In Indonesia. Journal Of Leadership In Organizations, 4(2), 150–161. https://doi.org/10.22146/jlo.72941

Putra, C. B., Utami, H. N., & Hakam, M. S. (2013). Pengaruh gaya kepemimpinan direktif, suportif, dan partisipatif terhadap kinerja karyawan. Jurnal Administrasi Bisnis (JAB), 2(2), 11–20.

Qurratul Aini (2024). Enhancing Organizational Performance through Stress Management: The Role of the My-Stress Application, Journal of Angiotherapy, 8(5), 1-7, 9699

Rosa, N. T., & Ancok, D. (2020). The Influence Of Spiritual Leadership On Affective Commitment Through Calling And Membership ( A Study at Zainab Mother and Child Hospital in Pekanbaru). Journal of Leadership, 2(1), 18–29.

Setiasih, N. L. (2016). Pengaruh Komunikasi Kerja Dan Budaya Organisasi Terhadap Kepuasan Kerja Karyawan Rumah Sakit ( Rs ) Khusus Daerah Duren Sawit Di Jakarta Timur. Jurnal Magister Manajemen, 2(2), 101–135.

Simamora, R. H., Purba, J. M., Bukit, E. K., & Nurbaiti, N. (2019). Penguatan Peran Perawat Dalam Pelaksanaan Asuhan Keperawatan Melalui Pelatihan Layanan Prima. JPPM (Jurnal Pengabdian Dan Pemberdayaan Masyarakat), 3(1), 25. https://doi.org/10.30595/jppm.v3i1.2940

Sultan, A. A., & Noor, S. M. (2017). Absorptive capacity, civil conflict and e-commerce adoption among Iraqi firms. Advanced Science Letters, 23(8), 7992-7995.

Sultan, A. A., Alfaiza, S. A., & Riyadh, H. A. (2022). Impact of mass collaboration on knowledge sharing process using mediating role of innovation capability. International journal of organizational analysis, 30(5), 1085-1099.

Sultan, A. A., Hassan, M. G., & Noor, S. M. (2017). E-Commerce Adoption Among Iraqi Companies: Does Context Matters? QALAAI ZANIST JOURNAL, 2(4), 339-348.

Sultan, A. A., Noor, S. M., & Nasirun, N. (2018). Technological factors and e-commerce adoption among small medium enterprises in Kurdistan, Iraq. Int. J. Eng. Technol, 7(3.5), 98-101.

Wahyu Saripudin, R. R. (2019). Does Spiritual Leadership Model Enhance Work Engagement? Empirical Evidence From An Islamic Hospital In Yogyakarta. Journal Of Leadership In Organizations, 1(2), 112–133.

Wahyuhadi, J., Hidayah, N., & Aini, Q. (2023). Remuneration, Job Satisfaction, and Performance of Health Workers During the COVID-19 Pandemic Period at the Dr. Soetomo Hospital Surabaya, Indonesia. Psychology Research and Behavior Management, 16(March), 701–711. https://doi.org/10.2147/PRBM.S396717

Yafiz, M., Al-Muttar, M. Y. O., Shihab, S. A., Aini, Q., Zainal, A. G., Baker El-Ebiary, Y. A., Hussein, R. A., Allahibi, T. R., & Dwijendra, N. K. A. (2022). Islamic religiosity and job satisfaction among Muslim teachers in Malaysia. HTS Teologiese Studies / Theological Studies, 78(4), 1–6. https://doi.org/10.4102/hts.v78i4.7569

Zulham, Z., Aini, Q., Mehmood, N., Sharma, S., Iswanto, A. H., Wekke, I. S., Zainal, A. G., Panova, E. P., & Fedorova, N. (2022). Analysing the relationship between ethical leadership and the voice of Malaysian Muslim employees. HTS Teologiese Studies / Theological Studies