Angiogenesis, Inflammation & Therapeutics | Impact 0.1 (CiteScore) | Online ISSN  2207-872X
RESEARCH ARTICLE   (Open Access)

Determination of Demographic Liver Health with Giardia lambila Infection Analysis in Diyala

Noora Dhyaaldain Abed 1*, Shahad Abdul Jabbar Mohammed 2*

+ Author Affiliations

Journal of Angiotherapy 8(2) 1-5 https://doi.org/10.25163/angiotherapy.829500

Submitted: 15 December 2023  Revised: 13 February 2024  Published: 19 February 2024 

This study analyzed the Giardia infection as early detection for liver health intervention.

Abstract


Background: Giardia lamblia infection is known to affect liver function indicators, yet its correlation with demographic factors remains unclear. This study aimed to investigate this relationship, focusing on sex, age, and residence, to better understand the impact of the parasite on liver health. Objective: The objective was to assess the effect of Giardia lamblia infection on liver function indicators and its association with demographic variables such as sex, age, and residence. Method: Blood samples were collected from 48 Giardia-infected patients at Al-Batool Teaching Hospital and Shahraban General Hospital, with 20 healthy individuals serving as controls. Samples were obtained between February and May 2020. The age range of participants spanned from under two years to 12 years. The Giesse diagnostic kit from Italy was employed to measure liver function indicators. A colorimetric method was used to estimate the activity of aminotransferase enzymes (GOT and GPT) and phosphatase enzyme levels. Results: The study found the highest infection rate among 2-4-year-olds, with males exhibiting a higher infection rate compared to females (54.16% vs. 45.839%). Rural areas showed a higher infection rate (56.25%) compared to urban areas (43.75%). Infected children displayed increased levels of aminotransferase enzymes (GOT, GPT, and ALP) compared to the control group. Conclusion: Giardia lamblia infection correlates with elevated liver function indicators, particularly among children aged 2-4 years and males. Additionally, residence in rural areas appears to be a risk factor for higher infection rates. These findings underscore the importance of early detection and intervention strategies to mitigate the impact of Giardia lamblia on liver health, especially in vulnerable populations.

Keywords: Giardia lamblia, Liver function indicators, Aminotransferase enzymes (GOT and GPT), Phosphatase enzyme, Demographic factors

References


Abbass, S. K. (2017). Some Physiological Changes of Metronidazole Used to Treat Giardia lamblia in Humans. Ibn AL-Haitham Journal For Pure and Applied Science, 25(2).                                                    

Abu-Aljadael, R. Y. (2013). Using PCR  technique to detect the Giardia on vegetables and irrigation water in Damascus Countryside. Damascus University Journal For The Agricultural Sciences (Syria).   

Al Saeed, A. T., & Issa, S. H. (2006). Frequency of Giardia lamblia among children in Dohuk, northern Iraq. EMHJ-Eastern Mediterranean Health Journal, 12 (5), 555-561, 2006.                                             

Al-Abodi, H. R. J. (2018). EFFECT AND SPREAD OF GIARDIA PARASITE ON CHILDREN IN PRIMARY DEVELOPMENT STAGES IN SOUTHERN IRAQ. Biochem. Cell. Arch. Vol, 18, 1537-1541.                                                                                        

Al-Difaie, R. S. (2017). Molecular study to detect genotyping of Giardia lamblia from human and cattle feces in Al-Qadisiya Governorate, Iraq. Ibn AL-Haitham Journal For Pure and Applied Science, 29(3), 1-13.                                                                        

AL-kahfaji, M. S. A., & Alsaadi, Z. H. (2019). Giardia Lamblia and Giardiasis. Journal of University of Babylon for Pure and Applied Sciences, 27(5), 66-74.                                                                                

Al-Nada, Q., & Al-Ibady, A. K. (2017). Prevalence the infection with Giardiasis in Baghdad province/Iraq. Journal of Babylon University/Pure and Applied Sciences, 25(3), 962-967.                       

 Botero-Garcés, J. H., García-Montoya, G. M., Grisales-Patiño, D., Aguirre-Acevedo, D. C., & Álvarez-Uribe, M. C. (2009). Giardia intestinalis and nutritional status in children participating in the complementary nutrition program, Antioquia, Colombia, May to October 2006. Revista do Instituto de Medicina Tropical de São Paulo, 51(3), 155-162.                                                                                       

Ejiofor, O. S., Onyire, N. B., & Ofomata, J. A. (2011). The prevalence of giardia lamblia in children presenting with diarrhea at secondary health facility in Awka, South-East Nigeria. European Journal of Scientific Research, 57(4), 529-532.                                

Firdu, T., Abunna, F., & Girma, M. (2014). Intestinal protozoal parasites in diarrheal children and associated risk factors at Yirgalem Hospital, Ethiopia: a case-control study. International scholarly research notices, 2014.  

Hooshyar, H., Rostamkhani, P., Arbabi, M., & Delavari, M. (2019). Giardia lamblia infection: review of current diagnostic strategies. Gastroenterology and hepatology from bed to bench, 12(1), 3.                    

Iman Ibrahim Al hacham, Abdulrazzaq B. kadhim, Eman F. Albaghdady. (2024). Prolonged Formalin Exposure on Liver and Kidney Function Associated with TP53 Gene Expression in Quail Birds (Coturnix coturnix), Journal of Aniotherapy, 8(3), 1-9, 9511.

 khudair Hussein, T. (2010). Prevalence and related risk factors for Giardia lamblia infection among children with acute diarrhea in thi-qar, southern Iraq. Thi-Qar Medical Journal (TQMJ), 4(4), 201068-201074.

Mageed, S. N. (2019). Changes in the Levels of Some Biochemical Parameters in the Serum of Children in Response to the Giardiasis Infection. ARO-THE SCIENTIFIC JOURNAL OF KOYA UNIVERSITY, 7(1), 53-58.                                                      

Onyesom, I. and Onyemakonor, N., 2011. Levels of parasitemia and changes in some liver enzymes among malarial infected patients in Edo-Delta Region of Nigeria. Curr Res J Biol Sci, 3(2), pp.78-81.

Pohl, A., Behling, C., Oliver, D., Kilani, M., Monson, P. and Hassanein, T., 2001. Serum aminotransferase levels and platelet counts as predictors of degree of fibrosis in chronic hepatitis C virus infection. The American journal of gastroenterology, 96(11), pp.3142-3146.                                                                                   

Rahimi, M., Kheiandish, F., Arab-Mazar, Z., & Mirzapour, A. (2017). Level of Liver Enzymes in Patients with Mono-Parasitic Infections. Infection Epidemiology and Microbiology, 3(4), 137-142.         

Rayan, P., Verghese, S., & McDonnell, P. A. (2010). Geographical location and age affect the incidence of parasitic infestations in school children. Indian Journal of Pathology and Microbiology, 53(3), 498. 

Walid Theib Mohammad, Ahmad Maher AL Sayeh, Fernando Jesús Plaza del Pino. (2024). Vitamin D In Modulating Liver And Kidney Functions Following Cadmium Exposure In Vivo. Journal of Angiotherapy, 8(2), 1-7, 9453.

Full Text
Export Citation

View Dimensions


View Plumx



View Altmetric



0
Save
0
Citation
313
View
0
Share