Resistin as a Potential Biomarker for Chronic Periodontitis in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

Keerthidaa Govindaraj¹, Jayamathi Govindaraj^2*, S.Bhuminathan ³, Vidyarekha U⁴ and Kesavaram Padmavathy⁵, Gowtham S⁶ and Nivetha V⁶

This study showed resistin's potential as a biomarker for periodontitis and its association with type 2 diabetes, emphasizing systemic inflammation's role.

Abstract

Background: Resistin, a recently identified hormone secreted by adipocytes, has emerged as a potential inflammatory mediator linked to insulin resistance and periodontitis. This study aimed to evaluate resistin levels in diabetic patients both with and without chronic periodontitis. Materials and Methods: The study included 80 participants, both male and female, who were divided into four groups of 20 individuals each: Group I (healthy), Group II (generalized chronic periodontitis), Group III (generalized chronic periodontitis without diabetes mellitus), and Group IV (generalized chronic periodontitis with diabetes mellitus). Clinical parameters such as plaque index (PI), gingival index (GI), probing pocket depth (PPD), and clinical attachment level (CAL), as well as biochemical parameters including random blood sugar (RBS) and glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c), were recorded. All assessments were conducted at baseline, and gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) samples were collected for resistin analysis using a commercially available ELISA kit. Statistical comparisons among groups were performed. Results: Resistin levels were significantly elevated in patients with chronic periodontitis compared to healthy subjects (p < 0.001). Analysis of all samples revealed a significant positive correlation between GCF resistin levels and clinical parameters (GI, PI, PPD, CAL) as well as biochemical parameters (RBS and HbA1c) (p < 0.001). Conclusion: Resistin levels are increased in patients with chronic periodontitis and type 2 diabetes mellitus. Therefore, GCF resistin levels may serve as a potential inflammatory marker for periodontitis in individuals with type 2 diabetes.

Keywords: Resistin, Periodontitis, Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus, Inflammatory Marker, Glycemic Control

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