Comprehensive Management of Hemorrhage in Trauma Care: A Multidisciplinary Approach
Mishari Abdullah Alajery 1, Faisal Hamed Almalki 1, Ahmed Abdu Khormi 1, Salem Mohamed AL Farshan 1, Abdullah Mohammed Qahtanl 1, Reem Mahmoud Nashar 1, Barakat Shumailan Alazmiy 1, Majed khalid Aljarallah 1, Ali Suliman Al Aloula 1, Abeer Abdu Jaafari 1, Asma Jadid Alanazi 1, Khadeja Abdullah Alhomod 1, Arwa Abdullah Alhamed 1, Khloud Awadh Alhizan 1, Khlood Khaldan Alharbi 1, Shalah Hmoud Al Harbi 1*
Journal of Angiotherapy 8(1) 1-8 https://doi.org/10.25163/angiotherapy.8110096
Submitted: 04 October 2023 Revised: 15 January 2024 Published: 15 January 2024
Abstract
Background: Hemorrhage remains a critical clinical challenge, particularly in trauma care, where it is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality. Rapid identification of hemorrhage severity and timely intervention are crucial for improving patient outcomes. The management of hemorrhage involves a multifaceted approach, including early detection, accurate diagnostic tools, and collaboration among healthcare professionals in emergency and trauma settings. Pharmacists, nurses, and emergency providers all play essential roles in optimizing hemorrhage care. Methods: This review examines the current trends in hemorrhage management, focusing on trauma and cerebrovascular hemorrhage. We analyze the severity classification system used to guide clinical decision-making, from Class I (minimal intervention) to Class IV (aggressive resuscitation). The role of diagnostic imaging, including non-contrast CT and FAST scans, in detecting hemorrhage is also discussed. Additionally, the involvement of pharmacists in managing coagulopathies and ensuring appropriate drug therapy is highlighted. Clinical outcomes are evaluated in the context of balanced transfusion protocols, including the 1:1:1 ratio of packed red blood cells, fresh frozen plasma, and platelets. Results: A collaborative, multidisciplinary approach involving emergency providers, pharmacists, and nursing staff is essential for the effective management of hemorrhage. Early detection through diagnostic tools like CT scans and ultrasound leads to timely interventions such as surgical exploration and transfusions. The application of the 1:1:1 transfusion protocol has been shown to improve survival rates in trauma patients. In addition, the use of tourniquets and direct pressure has been proven effective in reducing mortality from hemorrhagic shock. The role of pharmacists in managing drug therapy, including blood products and medications for coagulopathies, significantly impacts patient outcomes. Conclusion: Effective hemorrhage management in trauma care requires a well-coordinated, multidisciplinary approach to ensure rapid diagnosis and intervention. Timely recognition of hemorrhage severity, accurate diagnostic imaging, and the implementation of transfusion protocols are critical components of trauma care. Pharmacists and nurses play crucial roles in optimizing treatment, while early interventions such as fluid resuscitation and hemorrhage control measures can dramatically improve patient survival. The findings underscore the importance of teamwork, specialized expertise, and systematic approaches to managing hemorrhage in trauma settings.
Keywords: hemorrhage, trauma care, early recognition, multidisciplinary approach, hemorrhagic shock
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