Efficacy and Toxicity of Nanoencapsulation of Peronema canescens Extract in Reducing ARDS Inflammation In-vivo

Tonny Cortis Maigoda^1*, Judiono Judiono², Felix Zulhendri^3,4, Meriwati Meriwati¹, Rustam Aji¹

This study demonstrated nanoencapsulation for effective delivery of Peronema canescens extract to reduce ARDS-related inflammation offers potential advancements in respiratory disease management.

Abstract

Background: Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is a severe condition frequently observed in intensive care units, particularly exacerbated during the COVID-19 pandemic. Excessive inflammation, often seen in ARDS, poses significant treatment challenges. Peronema canescens, known for its anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory properties, offers potential therapeutic benefits. This study investigates the impact of nanoencapsulation of P. canescens leaf extract on inflammation in ARDS. Methods: Male Wistar rats were used to model ARDS through intratracheal administration of lipopolysaccharide (LPS). The experimental groups included normal controls, negative controls (LPS only), Imboost, Vitamin C, P. canescens extract, and three doses of nanoencapsulated P. canescens extract (nPC). Clinical observations, histopathological analyses, and serum TNF-α levels were assessed over a 14-day period. Nanoencapsulation involved the use of pectin, chitosan, and Na-tripolyphosphate, and the encapsulated products were characterized for particle size and encapsulation efficiency. Results: The nanoencapsulation efficiency of P. canescens extract was 86.16%, with an average particle size of 496.3 nm. Clinical observations indicated reduced activity and kyphosis in negative control and nPC groups. Macroscopic and histopathological analyses showed significant inflammation and lung damage in these groups compared to normal, Imboost, Vitamin C, and P. canescens extract groups. Serum TNF-α levels were significantly lower in the P. canescens extract group compared to the negative control on day 14, but no significant difference was observed between the nPC and negative control groups. Conclusion: While P. canescens extract demonstrated efficacy in reducing inflammation and improving lung health in ARDS rats, the nanoencapsulated form did not enhance therapeutic outcomes. The potential reasons include poor bioactive compound release and possible adverse interactions with encapsulation materials. Further research is needed to explore the kinetics of bioactive compound release and the potential toxicity of nanoencapsulation materials.

Keywords: Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS), Peronema canescens, Nanoencapsulation, Anti-inflammatory, Bioactive compounds

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