Advancements in Biomaterials for Envisioning Healing and Function Restoration in Modern Medicine – A Review

Suryakanta Swain¹, Ashirbaad Nanda², Rudra Narayan Sahu³, Bikash Ranjan Jena²*, Rabisankar Dash⁴, Amaresh Prusty⁵, Prasanna Parida², Abhisek Sahu², Bhisma Narayan Ratha²

Biomaterials significantly enhance tissue repair and regeneration, offering innovative solutions in modern medicine and improving patient outcomes.

Abstract

The modification of human tissues to treat diseases is a highly intriguing interdisciplinary area of research in academia and the biotechnology industry. Three-dimensional (3D) biomaterial scaffolds play a crucial role in the morphogenesis of newly formed tissues by interacting with human cells. Both organic (natural) and synthetic (man-made) materials have been used to create polymer-based biomaterials. While simple polymeric biomaterials can provide the necessary mechanical and physical characteristics for tissue development, they often lack biomimetic qualities and effective interactions with human progenitor cells, hindering the production of fully functional tissues. The development of advanced functional biomaterials that respond to stimulation could be the next step in creating intelligent 3D biomimetic scaffolds. These scaffolds would actively interact with human stem cells and progenitors while maintaining structural integrity, thereby facilitating the rapid construction of functional tissues. This review explores various types of biomaterials, their design, methods of synthesis, and biomedical applications. It highlights the importance of smart biomaterials in transporting bioactive chemicals, mediating cell adhesion, and fabricating functional tissues to cure diseases, emphasizing the necessity for these materials to interact effectively with biological systems.

Keywords: Carbon dots, Ceramics, Extracellular matrix, Polymeric nanoparticles Smart materials, Tissue engineering, Regenerative Medicine, Polymers, Drug Delivery Systems

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