IL-6 and TNFα Genetic Mutations and Immunological Response in Salmonellosis

Zina Murshd Kadim ¹, Nahla Ghazi Mohammed Al Loza ^2,4*, Teba Habeeb Sayfe ³

This study demonstrated the prevalence of mutations in IL-6 and IFNα genes in patients with Salmonella infection compared to healthy controls. Additionally, it explores the immunological response through IL-6 and TNFα concentrations.

Abstract

Background: Understanding the genetic and immunological aspects of Salmonella infection is essential for effective management and prevention strategies. This study aimed to investigate the prevalence of Salmonella IgM and IgG antibodies, as well as the concentrations of interleukin-6 (IL-6) and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFα), in patients with suspected Salmonella infection compared to healthy controls. Additionally, genetic mutations in the IL-6 and IFNα genes were explored. Methods: Between March and November 2023, blood samples were collected from 60 patients visiting Baghdad Teaching Hospital and 30 healthy individuals serving as the control group. ELISA assays were performed to measure Salmonella IgM and IgG levels, while IL-6 and TNFα concentrations were determined. Genetic mutations in the IL-6 (rs1800799) and IFNα (rs2430560) genes were analyzed using molecular techniques. Results: The mean levels of Salmonella IgM and IgG did not significantly differ between males and females (p = 0.21 and p = 0.58, respectively). Similarly, there were no significant gender differences in IL-6 and TNFα concentrations (p = 0.55 and p = 0.55, respectively). Mutations were observed in the IL-6 gene (rs1800799), resulting in variations from the wild AA variant to AG, AG, GG, GG, GG, AG, AG, GG, AG, and GG. Additionally, mutations were detected in the IFNα gene (rs2430560), with the wild TT variant changing to TA, TA, TA, AA, AA, TA, TA, AA, TT, and AA. Conclusion: This study provides insights into the immunological and genetic aspects of Salmonella infection. The lack of significant gender differences in antibody levels and cytokine concentrations suggests a similar immune response between males and females. The identification of genetic mutations in the IL-6 and IFNα genes highlights the genetic variability associated with Salmonella infection and warrants further investigation into their clinical implications.

Keywords: Salmonellosis, genetic mutations, immunological response, IL-6, TNFα

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