Angiogenesis, Inflammation & Therapeutics | Online ISSN  2207-872X
RESEARCH ARTICLE   (Open Access)

First Aid Management Study on Epistaxis for Nursing Student  Awareness

Khaldoon Aied Alnawafleh 1*,  Mohammed Musaed Al-Jabri 2*

+ Author Affiliations

Journal of Angiotherapy 8(5) 1-7 https://doi.org/10.25163/angiotherapy.859661

Submitted: 19 March 2024  Revised: 28 April 2024  Published: 01 May 2024 

This study determined the nursing students' knowledge and practices in epistaxis management to  enhance emergency care competence and patient outcomes.

Abstract


Background: Epistaxis, or nosebleed, is a common condition affecting individuals of all ages, with various causes including trauma, dry air, hypertension, and medication use. Effective first aid management is crucial in controlling bleeding and preventing recurrent episodes. Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted among nursing students at Al-Hussein bin Talal University from April to June 2023. A questionnaire assessing knowledge, attitudes, and practices (KAP) regarding epistaxis first aid management was administered electronically in Arabic. Results: Out of 284 nursing students surveyed, the majority were female (72.5%) and aged 20-25 years (81.7%). 64.8% reported personal experiences of epistaxis, and 92.2% had witnessed nosebleeds. 60% recognized epistaxis as a medical emergency. Direct nasal trauma was identified as the most common cause (89.1%), with hypertension and bleeding disorders also noted. While 60% knew the correct head position for first aid, only 51% demonstrated proper nose-pinching technique. 74% were aware of mouth-breathing during epistaxis management. However, 92.2% expressed a desire for further training in first aid, with 83.2% emphasizing the need for training among clinical staff. Discussion: The study highlights varying levels of knowledge and practice among nursing students regarding epistaxis first aid management. While some demonstrated awareness of proper techniques, gaps existed in areas such as compression duration and seeking medical care. Training programs and standardized protocols are recommended to enhance nursing students' proficiency in managing epistaxis. Conclusion: Nursing students at Al-Hussein bin Talal University exhibited a baseline understanding of epistaxis first aid measures, indicating their potential to assist patients effectively.

Keywords: Epistaxis, Nursing students, First aid, Knowledge, Attitudes, Practices

References


Albouq, N., Aljeraisi, T., Arabi, S., Neyaz, H., Alkhurassi, H., & Alim, B. (2017). Knowledge and attitude regarding first aid management of epistaxis among medical specialties students in Al-Madinah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. International Journal of Scientific and Engineering Research, 4, 264–267.

Alhejaily, M. A., Alatawi, A. A., Alatawi, M. S., & Mrighani, H. O. (2019). Evaluation of knowledge, attitude and practice of epistaxis among the general population of Tabuk City, Saudi Arabia. The Egyptian Journal of Hospital Medicine, 75(1), 1923-1931.

Aljuaid, S., Alqahtani, R. A., Alqasem, S. H., Alsulaimani, Y. T., Alqahtani, S. A., Alsalmi, S. M., & Altowairqi, R. M. (2021). Teachers’ awareness regarding first-aid management and control of epistaxis inside schools in Taif region, Saudi Arabia. World Family Medicine, 19(8), 5664. DOI: 10.5742/MEWFM.2021.94096.

Almulhim, K. S., Al Sheikh Mubarak, I. A., Al-Shaikh Hussain, M. A. R., Alhaddad, M. S., Alotaibi, N. K., & Alyahya, K. A. (2017). Assessment of Knowledge Attitude and Practice of Epistaxis in Saudi Population. The Egyptian Journal of Hospital Medicine, 69(6), 2675-2679. doi: 10.12816/0042247

Alyahya, K., Alsaad, S., & Alsuliman, N. (2019). Awareness about first aid management of epistaxis among medical students in Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. Journal of Family Medicine and Primary Care, 8(3), 914.

Béquignon, E., Teissier, N., Gauthier, A., Brugel, L., De Kermadec, H., Coste, A., & Prulière-Escabasse, V. (n.d.). Emergency Department care of childhood epistaxis.

Côrte, F. C., Orfao, T., Dias, C. C., Moura, C. P., & Santos, M. (2018). Risk factors for the occurrence of epistaxis: Prospective study. Auris Nasus Larynx, 45(3), 471-475.

Ecevit, M. C., Erdag, T. K., Uçar, S., Demiryoguran, N. S., Ikiz, A. Ö., Karcioglu, Ö., & Sütay, S. (n.d.). Epistaxis management: Is medical intervention required for inactive epistaxis?

Escabasse, V., Bequignon, E., Vérillaud, B., Robard, L., Michel, J., Malard, O., ... & Vironneau, P. (2017). Guidelines of the French Society of Otorhinolaryngology (SFORL). Managing epistaxis under coagulation disorder due to antithrombotic therapy. European Annals of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Diseases, 134(3), 195-199.

Jamshaid, S., Banhidy, N., Ghedia, R., & Seymour, K. (2023). Where should epistaxis education be focused? A comparative study between the public and healthcare workers on knowledge of first aid management methods of epistaxis. The Journal of Laryngology & Otology, 137(4), 408-412.

Joseph, N., Kumar, G. S., Babu, Y. P. R., & Nelliyanil, M. (n.d.). Knowledge of First Aid Skills Among Students of a Medical College in Mangalore City of South India.

Khan, M., Conroy, K., Ubayasiri, K., Constable, J., Smith, M. E., Williams, R. J., ... Philpott, C. (1996). The initial assessment of adult epistaxis patients: A systematic review. Journal of Accident & Emergency Medicine, 13, 193-195.

Kotecha, B., Fowler, S., Harkness, P., Walmsley, J., Brown, P., & Topham, J. (1996). Management of epistaxis: A national survey. Annals of the Royal College of Surgeons of England, 78(6), 444-446.

Masih, S., Sharma, R. K., & Kumar, A. (n.d.). Knowledge and practice of primary school teachers about first aid management of selected minor injuries among children.

McGarry, G. W., & Moulton, C. (1993). The first aid management of epistaxis by accident and emergency department staff. Archives of Emergency Medicine, 10, 298-300.

Mugwe, P., Kamau, K. J., & Nyambaka, O. K. (2014). Knowledge, attitude and practice in first aid management of epistaxis by accident and emergency clinical staff at Kenyatta National Hospital. East and Central African Journal of Surgery, 19(1), 17-21.

Mugwe, P., Kamau, K. J., & Nyambaka, O. K. (n.d.). Knowledge, Attitude and Practice in First Aid Management of Epistaxis by Accident and Emergency Clinical Staff at Kenyatta National Hospital.

Pope, L. E. R., & Hobbs, C. G. L. (2005). Epistaxis: An update on current management. Postgraduate Medical Journal, 81, 309–314. doi: 10.1136/pgmj.2004.02500

Saleem, A. H., Alahwal, A. M., Al-Sayed, A. A., Bin-Manie, M. I., & Marzouki, H. Z. (2018). Epistaxis: What do people know and what do they do?. Journal of Nature and Science of Medicine, 1(1), 22-27.

Strachan, D., & England, J. (n.d.). First-aid treatment of epistaxis - Confirmation of widespread ignorance.

Tassone, P., Georgalas, C., Appleby, E., & Kotecha, B. (2006). Management of patients with epistaxis by general practitioners: Impact of otolaryngology experience on their practice. Springer-Verlag.

Torabi, M. E. H. D. I., Esfahani, A., & Baneshi, M. (2018). A new method of epistaxis management using nasal gel: A single centre, randomized clinical trial. Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical and Clinical Research, 11(3), 104-108.

Tunkel, D. E., Anne, S., Payne, S. C., Ishman, S. L., Rosenfeld, R. M., Abramson, P. J., ... & Monjur, T. M. (2020). Clinical practice guideline: Nosebleed (epistaxis). Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery, 162, S1-S38.

Wakelam, O. C., Dimitriadis, P. A., & Stephens, J. (2017). The use of FloSeal haemostatic sealant in the management of epistaxis: A prospective clinical study and literature review. The Annals of The Royal College of Surgeons of England, 99(1), 28-30.

Younis, J. R., & El-Abassy, A. (n.d.). Primary teachers’ first aid management of children’s school day accidents: Video-assisted teaching method versus lecture method.

Zahed, R., MousaviJazayeri, M. H., Naderi, A., Naderpour, Z., & Saeedi, M. (2018). Topical tranexamic acid compared with anterior nasal packing for treatment of epistaxis in patients taking antiplatelet drugs: Randomized controlled trial. Academic Emergency Medicine, 25(3), 261-266.

Zhao, Z., Zheng, L., Huang, X., Li, C., Liu, J., & Hu, Y. (2021). Effects of mouth breathing on facial skeletal development in children: A systematic review and meta-analysis. BMC Oral Health, 21, 1-14.

Full Text
Export Citation

View Dimensions


View Plumx



View Altmetric



0
Save
0
Citation
475
View
0
Share