Understanding Hematohidrosis: A Rare Phenomenon in Infancy - Case Report

Khamees M. Al-Dulaimy ^1*

This case highlights the diagnostic challenges and successful management of hematohidrosis in infants, shedding light on effective treatment strategies.

Abstract

Hematohidrosis, a rare condition characterized by the excretion of blood through the sweat glands, shows diagnostic challenges due to its scarcity. A 2-month-old male infant presented with recurrent bleeding from his nose, eyes, and ears, which appeared to be sweating blood. Clinical examinations, including imaging and laboratory investigations, were unremarkable. The diagnosis was made by exclusion criteria and confirmed with the administration of anxiolytics (lorazepam) and propranolol, which significantly reduced the bleeding episodes. The patient remained asymptomatic after discontinuation of propranolol. This case underscores the importance of clinical vigilance and comprehensive evaluation in diagnosing and managing hematohidrosis, particularly in infants, where prompt intervention can alleviate symptoms and prevent complications.

Keywords: Hematohidrosis, infant, bleeding, anxiolytics, beta-blockers

References

Abel Lo´ pez-Bermejo, Berta Chico-Julia`, et al. (2006). Serum Visfatin Increases With Progressive beta-Cell Deterioration. Diabetes, 55(10), 2871–2875.

Adeghate, E. (2004). An update on the biology and physiology of resistin. Cell Mol Life Sci, 61(19-20), 2485-96.

Adeghate, E., Schattner, P., & Dunn, E.J.A.o.t.N.Y.a.o.s. (2006). An update on the etiology and epidemiology of diabetes mellitus. 1084(1), 1-29.

Amos, A., McCarty, D., & Zimmet, P. (1997). Diabet Med 14 Suppl 5, S1.

Ansari, R., et al. (2014). Hyperhomocysteinemia and neurologic disorders: a review, 10(4), 281-288.

Ansari, T., et al. (2020). Frequency of elevated plasma homocysteine (Hcy) levels among type 2 Diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients, 27(03), 635-640.

Chen Miao-Pei et al. (2006). Elevated Plasma Level of Visfatin/Pre-B Cell Colony Enhancing Factor in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. J Clin Endocrinol Metab, 91(1), 295–299.

Curat, C., et al. (2006). Macrophages in human visceral adipose tissue: increased accumulation in obesity and a source of resistin and visfatin. 49(4), 744-747.

de Marco R., Locatelli F., Zoppini G., Verlato G., Bonora E., Muggeo M. (1999). Cause-specific mortality in type 2 diabetes. The Verona Diabetes Study. Diabetes Care, 22, 756–761.

Henrieta Škovierová et al. (2016). The Molecular and Cellular Effect of Homocysteine Metabolism Imbalance on Human Health. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 17, 1733.

Kumar, J., et al. (2015). No evidence of a causal relationship between plasma homocysteine and type 2 diabetes: a Mendelian randomization study. 2, 11.

Laudes M, Oberhauser F, Schulte DM, Freude S, Bilkovski R, Mauer J, Rappl G, Abken H, Hahn M, Schulz O, Krone W. (2010). Visfatin/PBEF/Nampt and resistin expressions in circulating blood monocytes are differentially related to obesity and type 2 diabetes in humans. Horm Metab Res, 42, 268–273.

M A Pajares and D Pérez-Sala. (2006). Betaine homocysteine S-methyltransferase: just a regulator of homocysteine metabolism?. Cell Mol Life Sci, 63(23), 2792-803.

Marti-Carvajal, A.J., et al. (2017). Homocysteine-lowering interventions for preventing cardiovascular events, 8.

Mona Mohamed Ibrahim Abdalla Abdalla MMI. (2022). Role of visfatin in obesity-induced insulin resistance. World J Clin Cases, 10(30), 10840-10851.

Murooj G Jameel, Zainab M. Hashim, & Mohammad H. Al-Osami. (2022). Prevalence of AGER Gene Polymorphism in Post Menopause Iraqi Sample with Osteoporosis and Osteopenia in type 2Diabetes Mellitus. raqi J Pharm Sci, 31(2).

Mursleen, M.T., et al. (2017). Implication of homocysteine in diabetes and impact of folate and vitamin B12 in diabetic population. 11, S141-S146.

Roivainen, M., et al. (1998). Several different enterovirus serotypes can be associated with prediabetic autoimmune episodes and onset of overt IDDM. 56(1), 74-78.

Townsend, T. J. (2000). A decade of diabetes research and development. International Journal of Diabetes and Metabolism, 8, 88-92.

Tsutomu Hirano. (2018). Pathophysiology of Diabetic Dyslipidemia. J Atheroscler Thromb, 25(9), 771-782.

Yanling Wu1, Yanping Ding, Yoshimasa Tanaka and Wen Zhang. (2014). Risk Factors Contributing to Type 2 Diabetes and Recent Advances in the Treatment and Prevention. Int. J. Med. Sci., 11.

Yoon, K.-H., et al. (2006). Epidemic obesity and type 2 diabetes in Asia. 368(9548), 1681-1688.