Angiogenesis, Inflammation & Therapeutics | Online ISSN  2207-872X
RESEARCH ARTICLE   (Open Access)

Elytrigia Repens Extracts Control Urban Mosquito Vectors with a Larvicidal Potential

Prakash D 1*, Mohideen Abdulkader M 1, Sakthivel D 1, Manju I 1, Sreenivasan K S 1, Manikandan S 2

+ Author Affiliations

Journal of Angiotherapy 8(3) 1-8 https://doi.org/10.25163/angiotherapy.839593

Submitted: 02 January 2024  Revised: 04 March 2024  Published: 08 March 2024 

This study demonstrated larvicidal activity to prevent mosquito disease and its spread, which might be due to insecticidal phytocompounds in the extract.

Abstract


There is over 17% of global illnesses due to Vector-borne diseases and more than a million fatalities annually found as a significant public health challenge globally. Traditional methods of mosquito control are relied heavily on chemical insecticides, and led to ecological disruptions, pesticide resistance, and adverse effects on human health and the environment. Consequently, there is a persistent need for alternative and eco-friendly strategies mosquito control. Method: In this study, we investigated the efficacy of extracts from Eragrostis repens (E. repens) against the larvae of Aedes aegypti, Anopheles stephensi, and Culex quinquefasciatus. Plant extracts were prepared using different solvents, and their phytochemical profiles were analyzed. The larvicidal activity of these extracts was evaluated through susceptibility tests over a 24-hour period. Results: Methanol extracts exhibited significant larvicidal activity against Aedes aegypti, Anopheles stephensi, and Culex quinquefasciatus, with LC50 values ranging from 43,173 ppm to 58,234 ppm. GC-MS analysis identified 11 bioactive compounds in methanol extracts, highlighting their potential insecticidal activity. Conclusion: Our findings suggest that E. repens holds promise as a natural larvicide against mosquito vectors. The study highlights the importance of exploring botanical alternatives for mosquito control, offering a sustainable and environmentally friendly approach to combatting mosquito-borne diseases.

Keywords: Elytrigia repens, phytochemical screening, Anopheles stephensi, Culex quinquefasciatus.

References


Abbotts, W. S. (1925). A method of computing the effectiveness of an insecticide. Journal of Economic Entomology, 18, 265-260.

Abubakar, M. S., & Abdurrahman, E. M. (1998). Useful plants in traditional control of insect pests. Journal of Herbs, Spices & Medicinal Plants, 6(2), 49-54.

AlMehmadi, R. M., & Khalaf, A. A. (2010). Larvicidal and histological effects of Melia azedarach extract on Culex quinquefasciatus Say larvae (Diptera: Culicidae). Journal of King Saud University - Science, 22, 77–85.

Benelli, G. (2015). Research in mosquito control: Current challenges for a brighter future. Parasitology Research, 114, 2801-2805.

Busvine, J. R. (1964). Critical review of the techniques for testing insecticides. CAB International, London.

Clements, A. N. (1992). The Biology of Mosquitoes: Volume 1, Development, Nutrition and Reproduction. Chapman & Hall.

Finney, D. J. (1971). Probit Analysis: Statistical Methods in Biological Assay (3rd ed.). Griffin Press.

Govindarajan, M., et al. (2012). Chemical composition and larvicidal activity of essential oil from Mentha spicata (Linn.) against three mosquito species. Parasitology Research, 110, 2023-2032.

Harborne, J. B., & Hall, E. (1964). Phytochemistry, 3, 421.

Ifeanyi, O. E., et al. (2014). Impact of Plasmodium falciparum malaria and hookworm infection on anemia among pregnant women of Ikwuano local government area, Abia state, Nigeria. International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Sciences, 3, 104-111.

Kahkonen, M. P., et al. (1999). Antioxidant activity of plant extracts containing phenolic compounds. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 47, 3954-3962. https://doi.org/10.1021/jf990146l

Karunamoorthi, K., & Tsehaye, E. (2012). Ethnomedicinal knowledge, belief and self-reported practice of local inhabitants on traditional antimalarial plants and phytotherapy. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 141, 143-150. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jep.2012.02.012

Kobayashi, M., et al. (2008). Global Environmental Research, 12, 27-33. https://doi.org/10.1002/ep.10264

Kumari, R., et al. (1998). Susceptibility status of malaria vectors to insecticides in India. Journal of Communicable Diseases, 30(3), 179-185.

Lee, S. E., et al. (2001). Insecticide resistance in increasing interest. Journal of Applied Biological Chemistry, 44(3), 105-112.

Majumder, P. (2013). Investigation of anthelmintic activity of an ignored plant Kyllinga nemoralis tuber - a potential hope. International Journal of Pharmaceutical and Biosciences, 4(1), 45-52.

Masfria, & Permata, Y. M. (2018). Total phenolic content and antibacterial activity of nut grass (Cyperus rotundus L.) extract. Indonesian Journal of Pharmaceutical and Clinical Research, 01(01), 28-36. https://doi.org/10.32734/idjpcr.v1i1.202

Middleton, E. C., et al. (2000). The effect of flavonoids on mammalian cells: Implications for inflammation, heart disease, and cancer. Pharmacological Reviews, 52, 678-751.

Mittal, P. K. (2003). Biolarvicides in vector control: Challenges and prospects. Journal of Vector Borne Diseases, 40, 20-32.

Moghadamtousi, et al. (2015). Annona muricata (Annonaceae): A review of its traditional uses, isolated acetogenins, and biological activities. International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 16, 15625-15658. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms160715625

Nweze, E. L., et al. (2004). Antimicrobial activities of methanolic extracts of Trema guinensis (Schumm. and Thorn) and Morinda lucida Benth used in Nigeria. Biomedical Research, 2, 39-46. https://doi.org/10.4314/br.v2i1.28540

Osorio, H. C., et al. (2014). International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 11, 11583-96.

Rey, D., et al. (1999). Histopathological effects of tannic acid on the midgut epithelium of some aquatic diptera larvae. Journal of Invertebrate Pathology, 73(2), 173-181. https://doi.org/10.1006/jipa.1998.4810

Rueda, L. M. (2008). Global diversity of mosquitoes (Insecta: Diptera: Culicidae) in freshwater. Hydrobiologia, 595, 477-487. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10750-007-9037-x

Rutledge, C. R., et al. (2003). Larval mosquito control. Technical Bulletin of the Florida Mosquito Control Association, 4, 16-19.

Senthilkumar, P. K., & Reetha, D. (2009). Screening of antimicrobial properties of certain Indian medicinal plants. Journal of Phytology, 1(3), 193-198.

Singh, S. P., et al. (2009). Evaluation of hexane extract of tuber of root of Cyperus rotundus Linn. (Cyperaceae) for repellency against mosquito vectors. Journal of Parasitology Research, 1, 1-5. https://doi.org/10.1155/2009/908085

Sofowra, A. (1993). Medicinal plants and traditional medicine in Africa. Spectrum Books Ltd., Ibadan, Nigeria.

Sylla, el H. K., et al. (2000). A blinded, controlled trial of an ultrasound device as mosquito repellent. Wien Klin Wochenschr, 112, 448-50.

Tolle, M. A. (2009). Mosquitoborne diseases. Current Problems in Pediatric and Adolescent Health Care, 39, 97-140. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cppeds.2009.01.001

Tonk, S., et al. (2006). Effective method for extraction of larvicidal component from leaves of Azadirachta indica and Artemisia annua Linn. Journal of Environmental Biology, 27(1), 103-105.

Velu, K., et al. (2015). Phytochemical screening and larvicidal activity of peel extracts of Arachis hypogaea against chikungunya and malarial vectors. International Journal of Mosquito Research, 2(1), 01-08.

Williams, C. A., et al. (1974). Phytochemistry, 13, 1141. https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(74)80088-9

World Health Organization. (2010). Malaria. WHO Fact sheet, 94.

World Health Organization. (2005). Guidelines for laboratory and field testing of mosquito larvicides. WHO/CDS/WHOPES/GCDPP/2005.13. Geneva: WHO.

Zuharah, W. F., et al. (2016). Evaluation of sublethal effects of Ipomoea cairica linn. extract on life history traits of dengue vectors, 58, 44. https://doi.org/10.1590/S1678-9946201658044

Full Text
Export Citation

View Dimensions


View Plumx



View Altmetric



0
Save
0
Citation
349
View
0
Share