Angiogenesis, Inflammation & Therapeutics | Online ISSN  2207-872X
RESEARCH ARTICLE   (Open Access)

In vitro Cytotoxicity of Activated Carbon from Musa Acuminate Fruit Peel Against HepG-2 Cells

Shanmugasundaram M 1, Prasath S 2, Geetha N B 2, Manikandan S 2

+ Author Affiliations

Journal of Angiotherapy 8(2) 1-6 https://doi.org/10.25163/angiotherapy.829527

Submitted: 25 December 2023  Revised: 20 February 2024  Published: 25 February 2024 

Activated carbon from Musa Acuminate exhibits potent inhibitory effects on HepG-2 cells via ROS-mediated MTD pathway, suggesting therapeutic potential against cancer.

Abstract


Background: Cancer is a leading cause of global mortality, necessitating the development of new therapeutic options. Plant-based medicines offer advantages over conventional drugs, prompting investigations into their cytotoxic potential. This study aimed to evaluate the cytotoxicity of activated carbon derived from M. acuminate fruit peel against HepG-2 cells. Methods: Activated carbon was prepared from M. acuminate fruit peel, and its cytotoxic effects were assessed using MTT assay, DAPI/PI/EtBr staining, and comet assay. Statistical analyses were conducted to evaluate significance. Results: Dose-dependent cytotoxicity was observed, with a notable reduction in cell viability with approximately 50% cytotoxicity observed at a concentration of 86.74 μg/ml after 48 hours. Activated carbon significantly increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) synthesis, mitochondrial membrane potential attenuation, induction of apoptotic morphology, and caspase-3 activation in HepG-2 cells. Conclusion: The study demonstrates the potential of activated carbon as a natural product source for developing novel cancer medicines. Its cytotoxic effects against HepG-2 cells, mediated via ROS-mediated mitochondrial pathway and caspase-3 activation, warrant further investigation for therapeutic applications.

Keywords: Musa Acuminate, HepG-2 cells, MTT, DAPI/PI/EtBr staining and comet assay.

References


Abid et al (2019). Synthesis and Charactivated carbonterization of Biochar from Peel and Seed of Jactivated carbonkfruit plant waste for the adsorption of Copper Metal Ion from water. Research Journal of Pharmactivated carbony and Technology, 12(9), 4182-4188.

Ashok and Babu (2020). Antiproliferative activated carbontivity of activated carbontivated carbon produced from Musa activated carbonuminate fruit peel against MDA-MB-231 cell line. Malaya Journal of Matematik, S(2): 4427-4429.

Beck et al (2017). Electrospun lignin carbon nanofiber membranes with large pores for highly efficient adsorptive water treatment applications. Journal of water process engineering, 16, 240-248.

Chen et al (2011). On the preparation and charactivated carbonterization of activated carbontivated carbon from mangosteen shell. Journal of the Taiwan Institute of Chemical Engineers, 42(5), 837-842.

Chu et al (2013). Laser light triggered-activated carbontivated carbon nanosystem for cancer therapy. Biomaterials, 34(7), 1820-1832.

Daniluk et al (2020). Use of Selected Carbon Nanoparticles as Melittin Carriers for MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 Human Breast Cancer Cells. Materials, 13(1), 90.

Dulyaseree et al (2017). Nitrogen-rich green leaves of papaya and Coccinia grandis as precursors of activated carbontivated carbon and their electrochemical properties. RSC advances, 7(67), 42064-42072.

Elanthamilan et al (2019). Couroupita guianansis dead flower derived porous activated carbontivated carbon as efficient supercapactivated carbonitor electrode material. Materials Research Bulletin, 112, 390-398.

Foo & Hameed (2012). Factivated carbontors affecting the carbon yield and adsorption capability of the mangosteen peel activated carbontivated carbon prepared by microwave assisted K2CO3 activated carbontivation. Chemical Engineering Journal, 180, 66-74.

Galan et al (2018). Green synthesis of copper oxide nanoparticles impregnated on activated carbontivated carbon using Moringa oleifera leaves extractivated carbont for the removal of nitrates from water. The Canadian Journal of Chemical Engineering, 96(11), 2378-2386.

Gin et al (2014). Production of activated carbontivated carbon from watermelon peel. Int. J. Scient. Eng. Res, 5, 66-71.

González-García (2018). Activated carbontivated carbon from lignocellulosics precursors: A review of the synthesis methods, charactivated carbonterization techniques and applications. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 82, 1393-1414.

Gotoh et al (1990). A study on cisplatin adsorbed to activated carbontivated carbon particles as a new drug delivery system and its anti-cancer effect against human bladder cancer cell lines. Nihon Hinyokika Gakkai zasshi. The japanese journal of urology, 81(9), 1337-1342.

Gupta et al (2016). Cellulose: a review as natural, modified and activated carbontivated carbon adsorbent. Bioresource technology, 216, 1066-1076.

Gupta et al (2021). A novel approactivated carbonh to develop activated carbontivated carbon by an ingenious hydrothermal treatment methodology using Phyllanthus emblica fruit stone. Journal of Cleaner Production, 288, 125643.

Hashem et al (2016). Comparative study on activated carbontivated carbon prepared from various fruit peels. International Journal of Innovative Research in Science, Engineering and Technology, 5(3), 2750-2759.

Lakshmi et al (2018). Activated carbontivated carbon nanoparticles from biowaste as new generation antimicrobial agents: A review. Nano-Structures & Nano-Objects, 16, 306-321.

Mosmann (1983). Rapid colorimetric assay for cellular growth and survival: Application to proliferation and cytotoxicity assays. J. Immunol. Methods, 65(2): 55-63.

Nanda et al (2016). Biochar as an exceptional bioresource for energy, agronomy, carbon sequestration, activated carbontivated carbon and specialty materials. Waste and Biomass Valorization, 7(2), 201-235.

Njoku et al (2014). Utilization of sky fruit husk agricultural waste to produce high quality activated carbontivated carbon for the herbicide bentazon adsorption. Chemical Engineering Journal, 251, 183-191.

Njoku et al (2015). Adsorption of 2, 4-dichlorophenoxyactivated carbonetic activated carbonid by mesoporous activated carbontivated carbon prepared from H3PO4-activated carbontivated langsat empty fruit bunch. Journal of Environmental Management, 154, 138-144.

Qureshi et al (2008). Physical and chemical analysis of activated carbontivated carbon prepared from sugarcane bagasse and use for sugar decolorisation. International Journal of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, 1(3), 145-149.

Rahimian & Zarinabadi (2020). A review of studies on the removal of methylene blue dye from industrial wastewater using activated carbontivated carbon adsorbents made from almond bark. Progress in Chemical and Biochemical Research, 3(3), 251-268.

Rahman & Chin (2019). Physical and chemical properties of the rice straw activated carbontivated carbon produced from carbonization and KOH activated carbontivation processes. Sains Malaysiana, 48(2), 385-391.

Rawal et al (2018). Synthesis and charactivated carbonterization of activated carbontivated carbon from the biomass of Sactivated carboncharum bengalense for electrochemical supercapactivated carbonitors. Journal of Energy Storage, 20, 418-426.

Sharifpour et al (2018). Zinc oxide nanorod-loaded activated carbontivated carbon for ultrasound-assisted adsorption of safranin O: Central composite design and genetic algorithm optimization. Applied organometallic chemistry, 32(2), e4099.

 Singh et al (1988). A simple technique for quantification of low levels of DNA damage in individual cells. Exp. Cell Res., 175(1): 184-191.

Spector et al (2001). Cell culture analysis: Apoptosis analysis. In: “Cell - A Laboratory Manual”. (4th ed.), (Eds.), Coldspring Harbour Laboratory Press, New York, USA. pp. 6-15.

Spessato et al (2019). KOH-super activated carbontivated carbon from biomass waste: Insights into the paractivated carbonetamol adsorption mechanism and thermal regeneration cycles. Journal of hazardous materials, 371, 499-505.

Wang et al (2020). Preparation of activated carbontivated carbon from peanut shell with KOH activated carbontivation and its application for H2S adsorption in confined spactivated carbone. Journal of Environmental Chemical Engineering, 8(2), 103683.

Wu et al (2013). Preparation and charactivated carbonteristics of medicinal activated carbontivated carbon powders by CO2 activated carbontivation of peanut shells. Powder technology, 247, 188-196.

Zare et al (2015). A comparative study on the basis of adsorption capactivated carbonity between CNTs and activated carbontivated carbon as adsorbents for removal of noxious synthetic dyes: a review. Journal of nanostructure in chemistry, 5(2), 227-236.

Full Text
Export Citation

View Dimensions


View Plumx



View Altmetric



0
Save
0
Citation
331
View
0
Share